120 E. R. HOSKINS AND M. M. HOSKINS 



sizes. These granules stain more readily than the tubules. 

 Some of these cells might possibly be degenerated erythrocytes, 

 but most of them have nuclei resembling leucocytes and endo- 

 thehal phagocytes. These cells were found only in this experi- 

 ment. In places even the connective tissue and blood-vessels 

 are injured. 



Hydropic degeneration is confined largely to the thinner- 

 walled (collecting) tubules, as may be seen from a careful study 

 of figure 17. In some of these tubules the cell outline is fairly 

 distinct and the nucleus nearly normal in appearance, but every 

 bit of cytoplasm has dissolved out. In other tubules the nuclei 

 are shrunken and darkly stained and the cell's walls are indis- 

 tinguishable. Only a few of the secretory tubules contain 

 vacuoles. 



Hyaline degeneration is confined entirely to the secretory 

 tubules. In this type the hyaline substance first appears in 

 very small droplets near the nucleus. The small black dots in 

 the cytoplasm in figure 17 are of this hyaline substance. The 

 hyaline droplets gradually increase in size and number (fig. 21). 

 They finally break through into the lumen of the tubule. Dur- 

 ing the process the nuclei may shrink and become hyperchro- 

 matic or swell and become hypochromatic, but they are not so 

 severely injured as in granular degeneration. 



c. Liver. The liver is not greatly congested. The tubules 

 contain more debris than usual and both hypochromatic and 

 hyperchromatic nuclei are rather numerous. In the sinuses are 

 many cells with eosinophilic granules like those seen in the kid- 

 ney, but in smaller number. 



d. Spleen. The spleen itself is uninjured, but contains many 

 of the eosinophilic cells noted above and also a considerable 

 number of degenerate erythrocytes and free nuclei. There are 

 also a few peculiarly shaped nuclei which will be described 

 below. 



e. Spiral valve. The injury done to the spiral valve by the 

 tartaric acid is about as extensive as in the case of potassium 

 chromate. Both karyorrhexis and pyknosis are shown in the 

 epithelium. In the lamina propria of the mucosa there are 



