SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EXTERNAL EAR 



OF AMERICAN WHITES, AMERICAN INDIANS, 



AMERICAN NEGROES, ALASKAN ESQUIMOS, 



AND FILIPINOS 



ROBERT BENNETT BEAN 



The Anatomical Laboratory of the Tulane University of Louisiana 



EIGHTEEN FIGURES (THREE PLATES) 



The study of the external ear of man was begun by me in 1905, 

 although I had been making casual observations even before 

 this. While in the Philippines from 1907 to 1910 I segregated 

 many forms of ears, grouping them under three main heads which 

 I called Primitive, Australoid and Iberian for various reasons 

 then set forth (1) . Other considerations prevailed and I changed 

 the names from Primitive to Hypo-onto-morph, from Austra- 

 loid to Meso-onto-morph, and from Iberian to Hyper-onto- 

 morph (2). 



The present study is a continuation of those made previously 

 and is more detailed and specific than former studies. It cor- 

 roborates them in general and in particular, and adds racial 

 distinctions to type differences. 



MATERIALS 

 Morgue subjects 



86 ears of New Orleans whites 

 200 ears of New Orleans negroes 

 94 ears of Manila Filipinos 



Living subjects 



103 ears of New Orleans students (white) 

 94 ears of New Orleans negroes 



182 ears of American 'old whites' (three or more generations in America) 

 222 ears of Washington, D. C, negroes 

 73 ears of American Indians 

 ■ 171 ears of Alaskan Eskimos 



68 ears of fetuses, newborn, and young infants (dead) 



201 



