CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EXTERNAL EAR 



203 



TABLE 2 

 Total breadth, average, in millimeters 



Physiognomic index of Topinard (16) is the breadth divided 

 by the length: 



TABLE 3 



Physiognomic index 



67 White men 58 . 



120 Negro men 64.0 



27 Negro men 60.8 



SO Filipino men 56.8 



14 Filipino women 57.5 



According to Martin (13) the lowest index of any race so far 

 measured is that of the Aino, 52.8, and the highest is that of 

 the Mawamba pigmies, 66.2. Europeans, as a rule, have a low 

 index, below 60.0, although Alsatians (Schwalbe) have an index 

 of 60.5 (15) and the negroes as a rule have a high index, above 

 60.0, although the Hottentots Imve an index of 58.8 [Karutz 

 (12) ]. The index of the new born is high, 73.7 for males and 

 73.1 for females, and it sinks to 58.7 at 70 years of age [Daffner 



(6)]. 



Modulus: The ear modulus is obtained by adding the total 

 length of the ear to the total breadth and dividing by two. 

 This gives the ear size in a factor of convenient form. The aver- 

 age module of 67 ears of white men is 50.69, of 120 negro men 

 is 48.0 and of 27 negro women is 46.86. The module for 80 

 Filipino men is 46.19, for 14 Flipino women 45.19. 



