210 ROBERT BENNETT BEAN 



in the Filipino ears, evidence of Negrito and European stock 

 as their basis. The true negro ear and the involuted ear are 

 characteristic negro ears, and they both represent great regression 

 in evolution. This regression is represented by the involution of 

 the helix, which is turned in and is broader in the negro than in 

 the white. The involution is present on the few fetal negro 

 ears I have examined as early as the third or fourth month at 

 which time other negro characteristics are present. For this 

 reason it seems to be rather a condition of regression in evolu- 

 tion than of retrograde metamorphosis in development. The 

 ^mall size of the negro ear, the great breadth and irregularity 

 of the hehx and the absence of hair all point to the negro ear as 

 more advanced in regressive evolution than the white, and further 

 removed from the apes. 



Three fundamental ear types (plates 1 to 3) 



It should be plain from the foregoing that the ears of the 

 Filipinos, negroes and whites are different, and the form of the 

 true negro ear, and the involuted ear should be clear, but there 

 are other forms than these among the ears examined, forms that 

 are characteristic of three types of white ears, but that may and 

 do appear among all peoples of the world. The three types I 

 have called the Hypo-, Meso-, and Hyper- types, and each of the 

 three types may be subdivided into onto-morph and -phylo- 

 morph forms, the phylo, the primordial form and the onto, 

 the derived form. At birth the white child is a Hypo-phylo- 

 morph, and as the child develops its passes consecutively through 

 the stages of the Hj^po-onto-morph, Meso-phylo-morph, Meso- 

 onto- morph, Hj^per-phjdo-morph and Hyper-onto-morph, un- 

 less development stops at or between one or the other of the 

 types. This is a process of differentiation and not of growth, 

 because the Hyper-onto-morph, which is apparently the most 

 highly differentiated type, is the smallest when the adult state 

 is reached. The Hjper-onto-morph, the Meso-onto-morph, 

 the Hyper-phylo-morph and very rarely the Hypo-onto-morph 

 are European, or white, types in the adult; whereas the Hypo- 

 phylo-morph, the Meso-phylo-morph, and rarely the Hyper- 



