CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EXTERNAL EAR 211 



phylo-morph are types of the negroes, Filipinos, and other 

 primitive peoples. 



It may be clearer to omit these distinctions at this time and 

 to confine the grouping of the three types. Hypo, Meso, and 

 Hyper, whicli are readily distinguishable. When this study 

 was begun and the observations made, first the ear type was 

 written down on the card for the ear to be described, then each 

 part of the ear was describ'ed in detail, the skin lines, hair. Satyr 

 tubercle, Darwin's tubercle, helix, anthelix, posterior sulcus, 

 tragus, antitragus, lobule, etc. From the data thus obtained 

 the following facts have been collected: 



Hypo (plate 3) : The helix is prominent, the lobule turns away 

 from the head, the anthelix is intermediate, and the tragus and 

 antitragus are depressed in the Hypo ear, therefore the ear is 

 bowl-shaped or trumpet-like. The flaring ear of the other 

 types must not be mistaken for the Hypo ear, because the flar- 

 ing ear is due to a wide dorsal wall in the concha, which makes 

 the ear stand out, whereas the Hypo type of ear is due to a greater 

 rolling over of the helix all around to the lobule which forms a 

 shelf. This is not the extreme and disordered rolling over of 

 the helix as in the true negro and involuted ears, but the helix 

 presents the form of a round roll like a thickened and turned in 

 edge of a bowl or trumpet. 



Hyper (plate 3) : The helix and lobule turn towards the head, 

 the anthelix is prominent and the tragus and antitragus pro- 

 ject from their surroundings in the Hyper ear. The helix is 

 thin all around, and has turned in very little except at the upper 

 part, and even this is not rolled in to a great extent. None of 

 the tubercles of this type of ear are large, due to the slight develop- 

 ment of the helix. It looks as if the helix had stopped developing 

 early and the other parts of the ear had continued to develop 

 which results in a contracted helix, and as the helix had not rolled 

 in enough to contract forward, it turns backward more or less 

 behind the ear. The edge of the helix has a semispiral or italic 

 f shape, or the shape of the old English letter s, when the ear is 

 viewed from behind. This type of ear is the most distinctive 

 of the three and the type of individual called the Hyper-onto- 



