TABLE 3 

 Strcniitli of hone compared ivith other materials 



SUBSTAN-CE 



High steol. . . . 

 IMediuni steel. 

 Wrought iron. 



Cast iron 



Piatiiunii 



Silver. . 

 Gold... 

 Bronze. 



Brass, low. . 

 Brass, high. 

 Copper 



Zinc. , 

 Tin.. 

 Lead. 



Granite. . . 

 Limestone. 

 Sandstone. 



Brick 



Concrete 1, 2, 4. . . 

 Organic materials: 

 Oak, white 



Pine yellow 

 Pine white. 



Compact bone (low). 

 Compact bone (high) 



Human tendon 



Hmnan cartilage 



Rib cartilage 



Nerve , 



Artery 



Vein 



Muscle 



Ivory 



WEIGHT 



IN 



POUNDS 



PEH 



CUUIC 



FOOT 



490 

 490 

 480 

 450 

 1,325 



657 



1,208 



500 



506 

 543 

 562 



443 

 457 

 706 



170 

 170 

 150 



125 

 150 



46 



44 



30 



119 



MODULUS 



OF 



ELASTICITY 



TENSION 



AND 



COMPHESSION 



3,0000,000 

 30,000,000 

 28,000,000 

 15,000,000 



7,000,000 

 7,000,000 

 3,000,000 



2,000,000 

 2,500,000 



1,600,000 



1,500,000 



1,000.000 



2,900,000 



ULTIMATE STRENGTH. POUNDS PER 

 SQUARE INCH 



Tension Compres- g, Modulus 



sion oi rupture 



130,000 

 65,000 

 50,000 

 25,000 

 48,000 



41,000 

 38,000 

 30,000 



9,000 

 32,000 

 28,000 



5,400 

 3,500 



1,500 



1,250 



750 



300 



* 12, 500 

 t2,000 



*12,000 



t600 



*7.000 



tsoo 



*13,200 



*17,700 



9,850 



2,250 



240 



1,300 



230 



180 



77 



17,000 



120,000 

 60,000 

 55,000 

 90,000 



53,000 



52,000 



120,000 



42,000 



22,000 

 6,400 

 7,000 



15,000 

 6,000 

 8,000 



4,000 

 3,000 



*7,000 

 t2,000 

 *7,000 

 tl,400 

 *5,500 

 t800 



*18,000 

 *24,000 



3,900 

 2,250 



50,000 

 40,000 

 40,000 

 18,000 



2,000 

 1,000 

 1,500 



1,000 



*soo 



t4,000 

 *600 



t5,000 

 *400 



t2,000 



til, 800 

 *7,150 



100,000 

 60,000 

 50,000 

 35,000 



56,700 



29,800 



7,500 

 3,700 



1,500 

 1,200 

 1,200 



600 



7,200 

 7,200 

 4,200 



SPECI- 

 FIC 



GRAV- 

 ITY 



7.9 

 7.9 

 7.6 

 7.2 

 21.2 



10.5 



19.3 



8.0 



8.1 

 8.7 

 9.0 



7.1 



7.3 



11.3 



0.73 

 0.70 

 0.48 



1.91 



* Indicates stresses with the grain, i.e., when the load is parallel to the long 

 axis of the material, or parallel to the direction of the fibers of the material. 



t Indicates unit stresses across the grain, i.e., at righKangles to the direc- 

 tion of the fibers of the material. 



214 



