STUDIES ON HEMAL NODES 



VT. HEMAL NODES IN BOAINES AND GOATS 



ARTHUR WILLIAM MEYER 



From Ihe Division of Anatomy of the Stanford Medical School 



ONE FIGURE 



Since the statenients in the literature regarding the hemal 

 nodes of bovines and of goats with one exception, are extremely 

 brief a short historical review seems not only justifiable but 

 advisable. Besides giving due recognition to the observations, 

 conclusions and opinion of others it will also afford a better 

 basis for independent judgment. 



The first definite statement regarding hemal nodes in bovines 

 was made by Robertson, '90 who declared that the hemolymph 

 nodes of the bullock are larger than those of the sheep and that 

 they vary in size from a mustard seed to a pea. Robertson 

 also found the trabecula larger and broken up in some instances, 

 by small blood sinuses. The centers of the follicles were also 

 found to contain more 'pale' cells but Robertson concluded 

 that the hemolymph gland of the bullock is formed on the same 

 plan as that of the sheep and differs from it in no essential detail. 



Vincent and Harrison, '97, found ''large numbers of blood- 

 red bodies distributed irregularly on either side of the vertebral 

 columns" and also for some distance in the pelvis. But they 

 found only a few nodes in the thorax near the roots of the lungs 

 and in the connective tissue of the mediastina. These investi- 

 gators found the capsule of hemolymph nodes varying widely 

 in thickness, containing leucocytes and occasionally excavated 

 by sinuses. The latter were lined by endothelium which "was 

 reflected over the trabeculae in the sinus." They also called 

 attention to the fact that some of the hemolymph nodes which 

 lie near the kidney and renal vessels look more like lymph glands 

 and concluded that hemolymph glands are modified lymph 

 glands and develop from them. 



359 



THE AMERICAN JOTRNAI- OP ANATOMY, VOL. 21, NO. 3, 



May, 1917 



