362 ARTHUR WILLIAM MEYER 



the neck. Piltz found the heniolynipli nodes of emaciated cat- 

 tle somewhat hir^ci" but normally seldom larger than a pea al- 

 though some nodes found near the deep cervical nodes were 

 said to equal the size of a hazelnut. Small nodes were also 

 found distributed irregularly in the pelvis and also a few in the 

 thorax along the course of the aorta as far cranially as the bifur- 

 cation of the trachea, but occurred more frequently on the left 

 side of the pericardial mediastinum. Although Piltz found the 

 thoracic nodes near the tracheal lymph nodes most constant and 

 also found nine small nodes near the larger popliteal lymph 

 nodes, he did not think that hemolymph nodes are limited in 

 their location to that of lymph nodes. Piltz found hemolymph 

 nodes to vary much in their content of blood and concluded 

 that they assume the function of the spleen after splenectomy. 



One month later Baum, '07 reported the results of an exam- 

 ination of nine bo\dnes and two sheep. Baum found hemo- 

 lymph nodes on the ^^sceral surface of the liver — a unique in- 

 stance, I believe, on the cranial portion of the trapezius and not 

 seldom beneath the skin or the panniculus carnosus in the region 

 of the costal margin, or near the 'Hungergrub.' But Baum 

 emphasized particularly that hemal nodes are found chiefly 

 near large lymph nodes, that he could not distinguish a medulla 

 or a cortex and that all manner of transition forms occur. 



In 1908 Forgeot stated that the lymph nodes of cattle are 

 usually in connection with large afferent vessels which are 

 filled with pink or even with red lymph which contain erythro- 

 cytes but that other glands entirely independent of the lym- 

 phatics are not rarely found in the abdominal and thoracic 

 cavities of bovines antl goats. Forgeot also stated that hemal 

 nodes are only in connection with lymphatics during early life 

 when they have a hematopoetic function and claimed that 

 closed, blindly-ending Ij^mphatics filled with blood can be dem- 

 onstrated to communicate with the sinuses of the nodes. 



Although Forgeot definitely stated, in 1908, that nodes wholly 

 independent of lymphatics are found in the abdomen and thorax 

 of cattle, Forgeot asserted, a year later, that injections are wholly 

 unnecessary to demonstrate the existence of afferent and efferent 



