366 ARTHUR WILLIAM MEYER 



tijict and separate blood and lyni])]i sinuses. Since Lewis de- 

 clared that "The l>iiij)h sinuses occupy one side of the organ, 

 the l>lood sinuses the other; they are not iiuhscriniinately mixed 

 together;" it does not seem at all unlikely to me that the type 

 referred to by Lewis, which look pink upon inspection, are large 

 reddish Ij^mph nodes which can not be identified positively except 

 by injections which Lewis frankly says he did not make. Hence, 

 these nodes were likely taken for hemolymph (hemal) nodes. 

 They are found in the position of lymph nodes and can not in- 

 frequently be seen in direct connection with the large abdominal 

 lymphatics. Some of them are deeply red at one end, but have 

 the color of an ordinary lymph node at the other. Moreover, 

 Lewis stated that there often is a fair delimitation of the lym- 

 phatic and hemal areas as judged by an inspection of the cut 

 surface of such nodes. They also have the form character- 

 istic of lymph nodes and are, as a rule, many times as large as 

 the true hemal nodes of sheep and goats. 



The subcutaneous nodes of adult bovines are generally larger 

 and quite unJike lymph nodes in form, though some of them 

 simulate them quite closely in color. Practically all are circu- 

 lar in outline with shghtly convex or flattened sides, and with 

 uneven external surfaces. LTnless found beneath the pannicu- 

 lus carnosus, they stand out very prominently on the dressed 

 beef because of their size and color, in spite of the fact that they 

 are usually quite completely imbedded in fat. In the region 

 of the flank, they may lie very close to the regional lymph nodes. 



There may be only a single subcutaneous node on a half car- 

 cass, or there may be a dozen varying from 0.5 to L5 cm. in 

 size. Scores of nodes on each half carcass were never seen, 

 fifteen were seen but once. Twelve of these were small and lay 

 in the scapular region. They varied in color from bluish black 

 to a bright red or pale gray and were unusually firm. The con- 

 tained blood could never be expressed from them by pressure, 

 and as stated previously (Meyer, '08), injections of India ink 

 into a large series of them failed to reveal any connection with 

 the lymphatics. The injection mass invariably entered the 

 intercostal veins and then the azygos veins. These subcuta- 



