412 FRANK R. LILLIE 



was about half white. This is an exceedingly interesting case, 

 as it represents the most extreme transformation of the inter- 

 nal organs towards the male type which I have seen. When the 

 body cavity was opened gonads appeared to be entirely absent; 

 however the ducts were found to perforate the body wall; and 

 farther dissection revealed the gonads lying in peritoneal sacs 

 situated in the groin on each side between the skin and abdom- 

 inal muscles. There is no difficulty in interpreting the parts 

 (fig. 28) : the vulva is typical ; it leads into a short urinogenital 

 sinus beyond which there is no trace of vagina, uterus, or tubes. 

 Opening into the dorsal wall of the urinogenital sinus at its an- 

 terior end are two Wolffian ducts (vasa deferentia) ; laterally to 

 them seminal vesicles. The Wolffian duct of the left side is 

 much larger than that of the right. They run in a broad mem- 

 branous septum corresponding to the broad ligament of the 

 uterus and enter peritoneal evaginations, open to the body 

 cavity, which perforate the abdominal muscles in the manner 

 already described. When the peritoneal sacs are opened, as 

 shown in the insert figures, figure 28, B and C, they are found 

 to contain testis-like gonads, with an epididymys-like organ 

 associated. It is an interesting fact that the smaller right gonad 

 is associated with a smaller Wolffian duct and a smaller seminal 

 vesicle ; this is the side on which disturbances in relation of parts 

 is found in foetal stages. Sections of the testis show a super- 

 ficial dense albuginea and entire absence of cortical , ovarian 

 tissue. The interior is occupied by exceedingly wide branch- 

 ing tubes lined by a one-layered epithelium. Connective tissue 

 is abundant between the tubes. 



History. Figure 28. Case 44. Holstein-Friesian twins & 

 and ^ born March 12, 1916. The female (free-martin) was 

 killed and dissected April 29, 1916. 



In the foetal stages of the free-martin, which we have con- 

 sidered, the gonad presents a rudimentary aspect- and seminal 

 vesicles are not formed, although they appear in the males at 

 much earlier stages (fig. 1). On the other hand, the gonads may 

 attain a very considerable size after birth, and seminal vesicles 

 appear usually to be present (cf. literature). It therefore fol- 



