266 J. S. NICHOLAS 



approaches earthworm bag, and seizes. The animal was de- 

 tached from bag as quickly as possible and sand bag substituted 

 for it. Animal pays no attention to this bag after nosing it. 

 Meanwhile earthworm bag had been placed at far end of aqua- 

 rium. Animal turns quickly after nosing sand bag, swims to 

 far end of aquarium, noses bag and seizes. The first reaction is 

 complete in three minutes, the second, seven minutes after the 

 introduction of the sacks. 



The results of this series are tabulated in table 1, series 1 (a), 

 at the end of this section. 



Reactions to moving objects. The same kinds of testing sacks 

 were used, the conditions of the trials being duplicated in so far 

 as possible with but a single variation, that of a moving object. 

 A rod, from which the testing sacks were suspended, was held 

 by the observer. The time element is partially lost in this case, 

 and because of the varying distances of stimulation due to the 

 motion of the test sacks, it is deemed an unimportant factor in 

 this connection. It is included in the description of the individual 

 trials, in order to show the difference in the complete action time 

 for the trials under consideration. The reaction is considered 

 positive when the test sack is seized or an attempt is made to 

 seize it. 



The record of one individual case will be given here as typical 

 of the series. The results are tabulated in table 1, series 1 

 (b). 



Trial 1. Animal C. Placed in aquarium at 10.50. Sand 

 bag, introduced at 11.00, kept in motion in front of the animal, 

 but held at short intervals at different parts of the body. Animal 

 turns at the first approach of the bag and noses it, after which 

 it paid no attention to it, although it was kept moving about the 

 animal for five minutes. Earthworm bag was substituted for 

 sand bag after sand bag has been drawn to end of aquarium away 

 from anunal. Earthworm bag played before animal. Animal 

 follows bag about aquarium, noses it when it comes to rest and 

 then seizes. Sand bag substituted and animal allowed to nose it, 

 does not follow it, but moves awaj^, coming to rest at opposite 

 side of aquarium. 



