AUTHOR S ABSTRACT OP THIS PAPER ISSUED 

 By THE BIBLIOGRAPHIC SERVICE, MARCH 20 



ANESTHETICS AND CO2 OUTPUT 



I. THE EFFECT OF ANESTHETICS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES ON THE 

 PRODUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE BY CERTAIN ORTHOPTERA^ 



JOSEPH HALL BODINE 



Zoological Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania 



FIVE FIGURES 



Investigations on the effects of anesthetics and other substances 

 on the production of carbon dioxide have been confined largely 

 to plants and aquatic animals. Among the more recent investi- 

 gations, using improved quantitative methods, may be mentioned 

 those of Osterhout (1) and his students Haas (2), Gustafson 

 (3), Brooks (4), Thomas (5), Irwin (6), on the effects of anes- 

 thetics and other substances on the respiration of certain plants 

 and animals. The results of these authors show that when 

 anesthetics are employed in sufficient concentrations to produce 

 any results, plants show a rise in rate of respiration, which is 

 followed by a fall, while in animals the rise (found in higher con- 

 centrations only) is preceded by a temporary fall, which is not 

 entirely due to lowering of muscular activity or tonus. In 

 lower concentrations the effect on animals is merely a decrease 

 in respiration. 



It has seemed desirable to extend these observations (using 

 similar methods) to air-breathing or non-aquatic forms. The 

 purpose of this investigation, therefore, is to make a comparative 

 study of the carbon-dioxide output of various species of grass- 

 hoppers under the influence of anesthetics and other substances. 



As pointed out in a previous publication (7), grasshoppers 

 have been found to be exceptionally favorable material for 

 respiration experiments because body movements can, by proper 



1 One of a series of papers on the morphology and physiology of the Orthoptera 

 from the Laboratory of Zoology, University of Pennsylvania. 



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