No. 3.] POSITION OF CHAMAA. 477 
Lophophanes among the Titmice. Lieutenant Cordeaux kindly 
made the collection especially for the present work in the 
region indicated, and Dr. Leonard Stejneger did me the service 
of identifying the specimens after they came into my hands. 
Dr. Grinnell secured the Jay, to which I have just alluded, in 
Wyoming, and my thanks are due him for his thoughtfulness in 
the matter. Finally, Iam much indebted to Mr. H. K. Coale, 
of Chicago, for numerous alcoholic specimens of North Ameri- 
can Tits and Wrens sent me at different times to be used in the 
present memoir. My own collection affords either alcoholic 
specimens or skeletal preparations of an extended variety of our 
United States Paride, Certhiide, Cinclide, Troglodytide, and 
Mniotiltide, which I have collected during the past fifteen years 
in widely separated parts of the country. 
From the material at hand it will be seen, then, that the 
principal forms that we lack for comparison are the various 
species of Wrens of the South American avifauna spoken of 
by Mr. Allen in his letter, and no one can regret more than the 
writer the absence for such a purpose of such species as are to 
be found in the genus C7zznzcerthia, to which we have already 
alluded. But as those birds have never as yet been carefully 
examined and compared structurally with the species to be thus 
dealt with in this paper, we are just as likely to find them to be 
Wren-like Tits, a little nearer the Wrens than Chamea, as any- 
thing I know anything about. In its topographical characters 
Cinnicerthia unirufa, to be sure, very much resembles Chamea 
fasciata, indeed very much more so than do either one of them 
resemble any of our North American Wrens. 
Not long ago Mr. Sharpe described a new species of Czzuz7- 
certhia, in the Catalogue of the British Museum, I think, that 
looks from the drawing still more Wren-like than the two species 
alluded to in the previous paragraph, it possessing a longer bill 
and being still more distinctly barred on the wings and tail. 
Dr. Sclater in his NMomenclator Avium Nectropicalium places 
the Ciunicerthia among the Wrens, and next before the genus 
Campylorhynchus ; and a number of ornithologists are of the 
opinion that our genus Z7hryothorus is the most nearly related 
genus of Wrens to C7zuxnicerthia, — that is, in the United States 
avifauna. 
Among the typical Tits, so far as I have examined them, we 
