158 
JOSEPH HALL BODINE 
with warm-blooded animals, the reverse is the case. The effects 
of temperature on the respiratory exchange of insects are espe- 
cially marked and in general agree with results for other cold- 
blooded forms. But since most of these results are based upon 
masses rather than individuals, it has seemed desirable to show 
the effects of temperature upon the respiratory exchange of 
individual animals. Three hundred and fifty nymphs of Melano- 
plus f. rubrum and three hundred of Dichromorpha viridis were 
0030 
_ CO, per 
gm. per h 
2B 
/ 
20 
/ 
/ 
16 
/ 
/ 
10 
^^ 
^ 
Temp. 
rt_ 
■an 
ACi 
Fig. 5 Showing effects of various temperatures on the CO2 output of nymphs 
of JMelanoplus f. rubrum and Dichromorpha viridis. Abscissas represent tem- 
peratures in degrees centigrade as indicated by the numbers. Ordinates repre- 
sent rate of CO2 output in grams COo per gram total body weight per hour. For 
further explanation see text. 
used. Figure 5, plotted from results, shows the average rate of 
COo output at various temperatures, ranging from 0° to 38°C. 
Examination of this figure shows that in general grasshoppers 
respond to temperature changes as do other cold-blooded forms; 
that is, increased temperatures cause increased respu'atory rates. 
At 38° the rate of COo output is highest and in the interval 
from 0° to 15° it is nearly constant. This deviation from a 
regTilar increase from 0° to 15° is difficult to explain and perhaps 
is due to the miperfect control over conditions, such as body 
movements, etc. However, careful observation during the course 
