175 



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Nachdruck verboten. 



Notes on the Respiratory System of the Elephant. 



By T. WiNGATE Todd, M.B., F.E.C.S., 

 Professor of Anatomy, "Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 0. 



With 3 figures. 



In August 1912 opportunity occurred for the examination of 

 certain portions of the anatomy of a fully grown female example of 

 Elephas Indiens. 



The animal had lived in the Zoological reservation of Messrs. 

 Jennison of Manchester for thirty years. Its previous history could 

 be traced thirty years before it came into their possession, although 

 its exact age is not known. Through the courtesy of Messrs. Jennison, 

 whose sympathy with all scientific investigation is well known, I was 

 enabled to examine certain much disputed points in the anatomy of 

 the animal; hence the justification of this article. 



This particular specimen sickened and died in a few hours, the 

 autopsy revealing a condition of basal meningitis. This is a disease 

 to which, apparently, elephants are particularly subject. 



Examination of the thorax showed entire absence of a pleural 

 cavity. Both lungs were attached to the chest walls and diaphragm 

 by a non-inflammatory connective-tissue strikingly similar to that 

 which, in homo, unites the parietal layer of the tunica vaginahs to the 

 skin of the scrotum. On costo-vertebral, diaphragmatic and medi- 



