144 
29), the hyomandibulari-glossus and hyomandibulari-semianularis mus- 
cles and the longitudinalis linguae tendon being situated between the 
two (fig. 36). At about the level of the bifurcation of the longitu- 
dinalis linguae tendon the pharyngeus becomes split dorsally into an 
external pharyngeus, the outer portion of which becomes attached 
laterally to the inner surfaces of the anterior and posterior lateral 
cartilages, and an internal pharyngeus, which is attached dorsally to 
the wall of the throat cavity (figs. 28, 29). A cavity is thus enclosed 
between the external and internal pharyngeus layers which however 
only extends ventrally as far as the junction of the external pharyngeus 
with the lateral cartilage (fig. 27). In this split region of the pharyngeus, 
the muscle is specially thickened to form internal and external bands, 
as shown in figure 29. Posteriorly the floor of the pharyngeus is 
prolonged for some distance to form, with the upper part of the hyo- 
hyoideus posterior, a chamber containing the longitudinalis linguae ten- 
don and muscle (fig. 37), thus separating these from the piston cartilage 
and attached muscles below. The function of the pharyngeus is of 
course the constriction of the throat cavity. Certain additional paired 
and unpaired glands revealed in figure 27 may be mentioned. Under- 
neath the posterior dorsal cartilage (removed in the figure) there are 
to be found anteriorly a pair of small spherical bodies (U) attached 
to the outside of the pharyngeus. Also in the mid-dorsal line between 
the last-mentioned two glands there lies an unpaired elongated mass 
of the same glandular nature (Y). And still another pair of small 
glandular bodies is to be found attached to the outside of the pharyngeus, 
each body situated a short distance from the mid-dorsal line at the 
level of the median opening of the nasal sac (Z). Finally, according 
to my notes, there exists another pair of these glandular bodies (W) 
inside (!?) the throat cavity, situated just behind and a little internal 
to the pair of glands labelled U. 
Figure 28 has already been referred to. In it the pharyngeus 
has been opened in the middle line to show the division into internal 
and external pharyngeus; also posteriorly the pharyngeus, in close 
connection with the throat cavity wall, has been opened to show the 
throat cavity. 
Figure 29 has also been referred to on several occasions. In 
this figure the whole of the wall of the throat cavity has been removed, 
save for a strip on the right side, in order to expose the hyoman- 
dibulari-glossus (XXI/) and hyomandibulari-semianularis XXVJ) mus- 
