264 
nection that Moranpr and Sısro (18) thought that the accessory spleens 
which Tızzoxı, GrirFINI and Erernop (6) concluded had formed after and 
because of splenectomy were hemolymph nodes which were present 
before operation. WARTHIN (31) too thought that these nodules were 
hemolymph nodes but believed that they were newly formed from fat 
as a result of splenectomy. Hence if the nodules which the writer 
has taken for spleens are not such it may still be urged that hemal 
nodes occur in dogs and cats. However, those investigators who 
reported the presence of hemolymph nodes in dogs, cats, rabbits, rats 
and guinea pigs described them as occurring in places in which lymph 
nodes are usually present. Supernumerary spleens, on the contrary, 
are found mainly in the omenta, especially the great, and sometimes 
when only a few are present adjacent to the main spleen but only 
rarely elsewhere immediately under the peritoneum and still more 
rarely in the fat near the kidneys or in the pancreas. Besides 
they are limited to the abdominal cavity while the hemal nodes of 
sheep and bovines although found mainly in the abdomen, occur in 
widely different locations. Investigators who described hemolymph 
nodes in dogs and cats also emphasized the fact that they are often 
indistinguishable from lymph nodes. This is, however, never the case 
with supernumerary spleens. The latter may be indistinguishable from 
some small so-called hemolymph (hemal) nodes by means of the naked 
eye or microscopically even but no one would mistake them for lymph 
nodes. Their small size, spherical shape, deep red color and the 
distribution easily differentiated by far the greater majority which 
range in size from a half to three millimeters, while the larger 
specimens which are isolated and few in number and also spherical, 
usually resemble the main spleen in outward appearance in all other 
respects. Besides they can, of course, be easily tested by puncture 
injections in order to differentiate them from lymph nodes. Since 
they are too small for puncture the absence of lymphatics in by far 
the greater number of supernumerary spleens can, of course, only be 
assumed except in so far as a microscopical examination fails to reveal 
their presence. However, since the larger nodules contain none and 
since a microscopic examination of the smallest fails to reveal any 
and moreover since no one has succeeded in injecting lymphatics in 
the great omentum itself the conclusion that supernumerary spleens 
are not in connection with the lymphatics would seem to be wholly 
justified. 
