290° 
Everybody knows that the “highest” point of the os parietale 
is called the tuber parietale and that this point can be easily seen 
especially in human beings and more in particular in very young in- 
dividuals. Also in young animals of different kinds is it to be found, 
sometimes quite easily and sometines with more difficulty. Formerly 
the parietale was universally supposed to be made as one piece of bone 
and its centre of ossification was thought to be conformable to the 
later tuber parietale. In this way Konumann (4) also gives his 
opinion in 1898; we read on page 258 of his text-book: 
„Die Parietalia verknöchern (beim Menschen) von je einem 
Ossificationspunkte aus, der als ein deutlicher Hocker, das spätere 
tuber parietale, schon sehr früh bemerkbar ist.“ 
And yet already in 1882 and 1883 Toupr (5) has said that in 
human beings (p. 515) the parietale arises from two bone-centres, 
which further on run together and form the tuber parietale. If this 
union does not occur, a suture, the sutura parietalis, comes. 
In 1892 WELcKER (10) has also accepted two centres of ossifi- 
cation for the parietale. Graf von SPEER (6), OSKAR SCHULZE (7) 
and RAnke (1) have in 1896, 1897 and 1899 found Toupr’s discovery 
to be right and have elaborated it. SCHULZE (7) expresses it in this 
way (p. 211): 
„Das Scheitelbein ossifiziert nach ToLpr von zwei übereinander 
liegenden Punkten aus, die sich später zum Tuber parietale vereinen.“ 
Topr’s two original pictures are reproduced by RAnke (1) with 
four of the latter’s own pictures in his work on pp. 51, 53 and 54. 
Also from FRENcH side we find an affirmation of Toupr’s words in 
Le Doustsz (8) on page 114: “Sur des cranes de foetus humains äges 
de 2& 3 mois, il est facile de s’assurer que, dans l’espece humaine, 
le pariétal nait normalement de deux delicats réseaux osseux dis- 
posés obliquement l’un au-dessous de l’autre; un antérieur et supérieur 
et un postérieur et inférieur.” 
Meanwhile the embryonal bipartition of every parietale has not 
yet been universally accepted, as Prof. Dr. van DEN BroEK at Utrecht 
told me (1912) and as also appears from this citation of Reewnauur’s(11) 
(1909): 
“Parmi les anatomistes, les uns admettent que le pariétal est 
formé par un seul point osseux primitif;...... les autres croient 
qu'il existe deux points osseux primitifs qui se soudent de bonne 
heure.“ 
