367 
But this is probably an error, for certainly in Necturus (MoKızpen, 
1913) the superior branch of the oculomotorius innervates but a single 
muscle, the rectus superior. 
The eyestalk is certainly a retrograding and archaic structure, 
as its varying importance and wide distribution clearly indicate, 
and it seems certain that it could not have been developed indepen- 
dently, merely as a support to the eyeball, a function it so inefficiently 
fulfills excepting only in certain rays (Harman). And that it was de- 
veloped as a point of attachment for the recti muscles of the eyeball 
seems improbable because it actually fulfills that function, so far as 
I can find, only in Chlamydoselachus (Hawxgs, 1906) and possibly in 
Zygaena. In this latter fish, according to Harman, the eyestalk, called 
by him the cartilago sustentaculum oculi, is short and its “central 
end does not reach the cranium, but abuts on the common tendon 
of origin of the recti muscles,’ this common tendon having its origin 
from ‘‘a fibrous band extending in company with the oculo-motor 
nerves, from the basis cranii to within a short distance of the bulb’’: 
and if this fibrous band be considered either as a dechondrified, or 
as an as yet unchondrified portion of the eyestalk, conditions quite 
similar to those in Chlamydoselachus would arise. 
If the eyestalk is the homologue of the amphibian ascending 
process, aS above suggested, it must also be, according to the ho- 
mologies established by Gaupp, the homologue of the columella, or 
antipterygoid (epipterygoid, Fucus), of reptiles. And the relations of 
the reptilian antipterygoid to the trigeminus, profundus and eyemuscle 
nerves and ganglia, to the carotid artery and to the reptilian homo- 
logue of the pituitary vein of my descriptions of fishes are so evidently 
similar to those of the pedicle of the alisphenoid of Amia to the same 
nerves, ganglia, artery and vein that these two structures must also 
be homologous. 
The pedicle of the alisphenoid of Amia, later called by me (1909) 
the parasphenoidal leg of that bone, forms the postero-lateral boundary 
of the orbital opening of the myodome, and as this latter opening 
transmits the same nerves artery and vein, with the single exception 
of the ramus maxillaris trigemini, as does the sphenoidal fissure of the 
human skull, the two openings were said by me (1897a, p. 738) to be 
apparently homologous. The pedicle of the alisphenoid of Amia was 
there considered by me as the homologue of the human ala temporalis, 
and this latter bone was later said (Auuıs, 1897b, p. 11) to have been 
