427 
its ganglion are distinct from the vagus throughout. Only three canal 
organs are innervated in this species by the lateral linenerve. Behind 
the first spinal nerve the lateral canal opens out and disappears. The 
lateral line, however, is represented by a series of very small naked 
papille which are innervated by the lateral line nerve. 
The IX nerve is distinct from X in origin, root and ganglion 
and it contains only motor and fasciculus communis elements. The 
canal organs which in many fishes are apparently innervated from IX 
receive their nerves in Menidia from a recurrent twig from the 
lateral line ganglion. There are two of these, the first organ of the 
main canal caudad of the operculo-mandibular canal and the single 
organ of the incomplete occipital commissure. 
The V—VII complex is greatly compacted and all but the 
motor VII emerge as apparently one root. The microscope, however, 
analyzes this root into five elements: 
1) Motor V. This component is crowded far dorsally, so much 
so that it actually emerges farther dorsad than the sensory V. 
2) The general cutaneous. Is easily traced from the spinal V 
tract into the Gasserian ganglion and thence to the skin. 1) and 2) 
constitute the true trigeminal nerve. 
3) The fasciculus communis. Traced forward from the lobus vagi 
(there is no lobus trigemini) into the geniculate ganglion and thence 
to taste buds (r. palatinus) or the mucosa of the mouth. 
4) The dorsal lateral line root. It passes from the tuberculum 
acusticum into a distinct ganglion, thence in two branches to the 
supra- and infra-orbital lateral canals (r. ophthalmicus sup. VII and 
r. buccalis). 
5) The ventral lateral line root. Arises in intimate union with 
the last, but after its exit remains distinct. It has a distinct ganglion 
and all its fibers pass into the r. hyomandibularis VII. 
Both 4) and 5) arise in intimate relation to VIII. To the above 
should be added: 
6) The motor VII, which has a distinct root farther ventrad than 
any of the preceding. Its fibers all pass into the r. hyomandibu- 
laris VII. / 
The commissure from IX to VII is wanting, but its place is 
occupied by a sympathetie commissure, the continuation of the sym- 
pathetic chain of the trunk. There are sympathetic ganglia applied to 
the vagus and Gasserian ganglia and from the latter two strands of 
sympathetic fibers continue into the two trigeminal rami and a third 
to the ciliary ganglion. The latter, after anastomosis with III nerve, 
28 * 
