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Nachdruck verboten. 



On the Emlbryonic History of the Aortic Arches in Mammals i). 



By Harriet Lehmann. 

 With 14 Figures. 



The development of the transitory aortic arches of vertebrates, 

 as exhibiting a phase of phylogenetic history will always be of interest. 

 They were sketched in the chick as long ago as 1672 by Malpighi, 

 but the earliest paper dealing with their development and transform- 

 ation is that of V. Baer in 1827 2). He states that five pairs of aortic 

 arches are present in the embryos of all vertebrates which develop 

 out of water, but are never all present at one time. Thirty years 

 later, Rathke drew up schemes to represent their transformation in 

 Amniota, based upon the assumption that there are only five pairs of 

 these arches represented in the embryonic stages of the higher verte- 

 brates. 



For a long time the diagrams of Rathke were accepted as the 

 standard ones to represent the history of these arches. 



The number of arches recognized by Rathke was thrown into 

 question in 1886 by van Bemmelen, who first pointed out the pres- 



1) Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Northwestern 

 University, Evanston, 111., U. S. A., under the direction of William A. Logy. 



2) Ueber die Kiemen und Kiemengefäße in den Embryonen der 

 Wirbelthiere. Meckel's Archiv, 1827. 



