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Nachdruck verboten. 



Numerical Variation in the Human Spine, with a Statement 



concerning" Priority. 



By Thomas Dwight, 

 Parkman Professor of Anatomy at Harvard University. 



(Schluß.) 



In each of the following specimens a prsesacral vertebra is wanting. 



No. 377(a). Cat. No. 9379-56. 



Male, white, aet. 52. C. 7, T. 12, L. 4, S. 6, C. 4 or 5. 



The thorax presents certain rheumatoid changes, but otherwise 

 nothing abnormal above the 12th thoracic vertebra. The last ribs are 

 rudimentary; being about 3 cm long, and having much the appearance of 

 lumbar transverse processes. The 11th ribs measure about 15 cm. The 

 change of the articular processes is between back and loins. The 24th 

 vertebra is very strongly sacralized both before and behind. It has, 

 however, a spinous process ; and the transverse processes are larger than 

 those of a sacral vertebra should be. There is a suggestion of a double 

 promontory, but the projection below the 24th is much less marked 

 than the one above it, besides presenting no remains of a disc. The 

 24th vertebra must be considered the 1st sacral although it is not easy 

 to determine whether the larger part of the auricular surface is formed 

 by the 24th or the 25th. The lumbar transverse processes are deci- 

 dedly' irrogular, those of the 2nd having the widest spread, and those 

 of the 23rd being those of a penultimate. The auricular surface extends 

 through the greater part of the lateral aspect of the 3rd sacral. The 

 1st coccygeal vertebra is separated by cartilage both from the sacrum 

 and from the body below itself. The rest of the coccyx is composed 

 of an elongated piece of bone which might be subdivided either into 

 three or four vertebrae. 



Remarks. The striking feature of this spine, apart from the ab- 

 sence of a praäsacral vertebra, is the want of sharp definition of the 

 characteristics of vertebrae at the junction of the back with the loins, 

 of the loins with the sacrum, and of the sacrum with the coccyx. As 

 is usual when the last rib is rudimentary the preceding one. is uncom- 

 monly long. The scheme of the spread of the lumbar transverse pro- 



