97 



cesses is disturbed. It is noteworthy, however, that if the 19th vertebra 

 be regarded as a lumbar one and its ribs as transverse processes (which 

 they strongly resemble) the spread of the processes of the upper three 

 lumbar vertebrae would be normal. While it would be difficult to decide 

 which vertebra should be the fulcralis according to Welcker's definition, 

 common sense demands that the 24th be called the 1st sacral. 



No. H 119. Cat. No. 9379 — 57. 



Female, white, set. 68. C. 7, T. 12, L. 4, S. 6, C. 3. 



This is a case of Pott's disease confined very nearly to the bodies 

 of the 11th and r2th thoracic vertebrae. The transverse processes of 

 the 7th vertebra are longer than usual, especially the left one. It is 

 very probable that the costal elements were free in early life; but as 

 they do not project beyond the ends of the transverse processes they 

 are not reckoned as ribs. The 1 2th ribs are small ; but, owing to the 

 disease, they cannot be measured accurately. The right one is some- 

 thing more than 2 cm long, and the left one more than 4 cm. The 

 change of the articular processes apparently occurs between the 18th 

 and 19th vertebrae. The 24th vertebra can be called nothing but the 

 1st sacral. It is absolutely sacral both before and behind, but the 

 transverse processes are somewhat too prominent. It is very hard to 

 determine accurately how much of the auricular surface belongs to this 

 vertebra. Probably it forms a larger part of it than the next vertebra 

 on the left and a smaller one on the right. The transverse processes 

 of the lumbar region are irregular; that of the 2nd lumbar having the 

 largest spread. The last piece of the sacrum has much the appearance 

 of a fused coccygeal; there are, however, five pairs of complete sacral 

 foramina. The upper four sacrals have complete arches. 



Remarks. It is so evident that the 24th is a sacral that it is 

 needless to discuss too closely whether or not it is the fulcralis. Apart 

 from the disease, this spine shows very little that is abnormal beside 

 the reduction of the number of praesacral vertebrae. 



The following four spines are instances of the combination of the 

 deficiency of a praesacral vertebra with the presence of a cervical rib. 

 Ancel and 8encekt have collected the records of six such cases. 



No. 448. Cat. No. 9379—58. 



Female, white. C. 7, T. 12, L. 4, S. 6, C. 4. 



The cervical ribs are fused with the vertebra, but there is little 

 doubt that at least the left one was once free. Both of them project 

 beyond the transverse processes. Their length is about 3 cm ; but the 

 right one cannot be accurately measured. The 1st ribs are decidedly 

 broad, especially the right one. The last ribs are rudimentary, their 

 greatest breadth being 6 mm. The right one is 3 cm long, and the iett 

 one 2,2 cm. The change in the articular processes occurs between the 

 11th and the 12th thoracics. If we suppose the 12th thoracic to be 

 included in the lumbar region the arrangement of the transverse pro- 

 cesses on the left appears almost normal, the 21st having the greatest 



Anat. Anz. XXVIII. Aufsätze. 7 



