99 



The coccyx consists of three distinct pieces of which the last is elon- 

 gated and probably represents the bodies of two vertebrae. The auri- 

 cular surface is formed by three vertebrae. On the right the 24th 

 appears to form a larger part of it than the 25th. On the left their 

 share is about equal. 



Remarks. This spine is strikingly like the preceding. The chief 

 difference is that the 19th has a very minute, delicate, costal element 

 on the right, and a short but stout rudimentary rib on the left. 

 Though the 24th is certainly the 1st sacral the lumbar region has 

 not adapted itself to the change as in the preceding instance. The 

 coincidence of rudimentary last ribs with even small cervical ones is 

 noteworthy. 



No. 667. Cat. No. 9379—70. 



Male, white, »t. 71, C. 7, T. 11, L. 5, S. 6, C. 3. 



There is a good cervical rib on the left measuring 5,5 cm in a 

 straight line. It extends almost directly forward, being but slightly 

 curved. Its end rests on a raised facet on the 1st rib. The subclavian 

 artery undoubtedly crossed the 1st thoracic rib just in front of the 

 facet and behind a very faint scalene tubercle. The fused costal element 

 on the right of the 7th vertebra is somewhat over-developed, but pro- 

 jects only slightly beyond the transverse process. The anterior end 

 of the 1st rib on the right is very large. The sternum unfortunately 

 is wanting. The articular processes change below the 11th thoracic. 

 The last ribs measure 16 cm on the right and 15 cm on the left. The 

 lumbar vertebra" show marked rheumatoid changes; but their morpho- 

 logical features are distinct and, with one excepition, normal. Thus the 

 21st is the normal 3rd lumbar, the 22nd the penultimate, and the 

 23rd the ultimate. The exception is the 1st. lumbar, the 19th vertebra. 

 The left transverse process is rather shorter than usual. The right one 

 presents an uneveness on its tip projecting ventrally as if a piece of 

 bone had been fused with it. Seen from behind this suggests distinctly 

 the tubercle of a rib. Nothing, however, represents the head and neck. The 

 auricular surfaces extend far down on the 3rd sacral. The 1st sacral 

 (the 24th vertebra) is a typical fulcralis. Three sacral vertebr* have 

 the arches closed behind. There ai-e four sacral formina on the right 

 and five on the left, owing to the more perfect fusion of a coccygeal 

 on that side, which has been reckoned a 6th sacral. The other three 

 coccygeal vertebrte are fused into one piece and are insignificant. 



Remarks. This is a very interesting spine from the absolute cer- 

 tainty that the 24th vertebra is the fulcralis as well as the 1st sacral, 

 and that moreover it has a lumbar region above it which is very nearly 

 normal. The origin of an attempt at a tubercle of a rib on the right 

 of the 1st lumbar is very obscure, especially as a normal last rib has 

 no tubercle. 



No. 311. Cat. No. 9379—82. 

 Female, white, xt 24. C. 7, T. 11, L. 5, S. 6, C. 4. 

 This body was dissected out of course, and so without the usual 

 supervision. Before the anomaly was discovered the spine had been 



