372 



that can be traced in other parts of Cole's work, for what I said, as 

 he himself quotes, is : "The nerve in G-adus has, contrary to the arrange- 

 ment of the branches found in Amia, an intracranial course." The 

 branches here referred to are too evidently "the first pair of branches 

 of the ophthalmicus superficialis trigemini", to need any comment what- 

 ever, and they, as stated, have not an intracranial course. It is that 

 dorsal branch of the vagus that was associated with these two nerves 

 in the homology I proposed that has such a course, and regarding it 

 Cole has but just quoted my words, "If it be the ramus lateralis 

 trigemini, the first pair of dorsal branches of the ophthalmicus super- 

 ficialis trigemini cannot be that nerve, or can only be a part of it" 

 — a sentence in which I find, in re-reading it, a certain touch of 

 "Irish humour", which does not, however, render the idea it was intended 

 to convey at all unintelligible. 



Cole apparently definitely accepts the two trigeminal branches of 

 Amia as the homologue of his anterior root of the lateralis accessorius 

 system of Gadus. Whether he accepts, as the homologue of his posterior 

 root, one or both of the vagal branches mentioned by me in this connection 

 is not clearly evident, though it is probably both of them. The anterior 

 root of this system of nerves thus lies, in Amia, in front of and dorsal to 

 the mandibular branches of the trigeminus and facialis, and dorsal to the 

 roots of the glossopharyngeus and vagus; a position practically, if not 

 exactly, comparable to that it has in Gadus. In Cyprinus, Cole (p. 174) 

 regards as the probable homologue of this same anterior root a nerve 

 that lies, according to Haller (No. 11), ventral to, or posterior to, 

 all the nerves mentioned above. Moreover Haller says (No. 11, p. 56 

 and 87), that the nerve in Cyprinus is formed "durch die Verschmelzung 

 mehrerer (4- — 5) hinter einander lagernder, ausschließlich aus ventralen 

 Wurzeln bestehender Spinalnerven" ; while Cole says, that it has been 

 proved microscopically (No. 6, p. 175) that the nerves of his accessory 

 lateral system consist of somatic sensory fibres derived from, or forming 

 entirely, the dorsal branches of certain of the cranial and spinal nerves 

 (No. 6, p. 204), and that these fibres and branches belong (Schema 

 p. 144) to the dorsal roots of the nerves concerned. 



If the nerve a of Haller in Cyprinus were, perhaps, sympathetic 

 it would greatly simplify the finding of its homologue in other fishes: 

 and Haller's work, it seems to me, leaves such a supposition not im- 

 possible. Excepting that the nerve in Cyprinus lies inside the skull 

 instead of outside it, and that it fuses completely with the ganglion 

 of the nerve to, it would somewhat resemble the sympathetic nerves 

 of Amia and Scomber. 



On p. 200 Cole, in discussing the branches of the nervus fa- 

 cialis, says of the nerve called by me in Amia the ramus mandibularis 

 internus facialis : "Before going further and discussing the homology 

 of the latter nerve with the chorda tympani, it is necessary to point 

 out that Allis has misnamed his nerves. As I have already pointed 

 out (1896, 46, p. 657 et seq.), the terms internal mandibular and hyo- 

 ideus as first used by Stannii \s are not only synonymous but apply to 



