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like the upper two, slightly downwards to the lower border of the renal 
vein, and passed into the hilum of the kidney somewhat ventral to the 
vein after giving off a small branch which entered the ventral lip of 
the hilum just in front of that vein. The calibre of this third artery 
was about 3 mm. The fourth and fifth arteries, unlike the upper three, 
erossed in front of the vena cava. They were of equal size, each being 
about 3 mm in diameter and about 7 cm in length and they both 
passed directly outwards and were crossed by the spermatic vein and 
ureter. The upper of the two arose from the right side of the aorta 
about 6,5 cm below the origin of the third and about 3 cm below the 
The suprarenal capsule has been dissected off from the kidney and the vena cava 
inferior drawn out towards the right in order to show the origin of the renal arteries 
from the aorta. 
A Aorta. V.C.I Vena cava inferior. K Kidney. U Ureter. S.V Spermatie Vein. 
S.R.C Suprarenal Capsule. S.A Suprarenal Artery. P.A Diaphragmatic Branches. V.R.R. 
Right Renal Vein. Z.R.V Left Renal Vein. 1—5 Right Renal Arteries. 1Z and 2 L 
Left Renal Arteries. C.A Coeliac Axis. S.J/.A Superior Mesenteric Artery. Sp.A Sper- 
matic Artery. /.M.A Inferior Mesenteric Artery. 
origin of the inferior mesenteric artery, and, reaching the lower part 
of the hilum it divided into three small branches which entered the 
dorsal lip of the hilum separately. 
The fifth branch arose 1,5 cm below the orgin of the fourth and 
