156 ADOLF H, SCHULTZ 



were very unequally represented, for the females numbered only 

 twenty-seven, as against seventy-eight male subjects. A greater 

 uniformity occurred in race, as there were fifty-one white and 

 fifty-four colored bodies. The author wishes to call attention to 

 the fact that the term race is used in its widest sense in the pres- 

 ent paper, because both the white and colored inhabitants of 

 America have originated from nmnerous races in a limited sense. 

 In negroes one frequently witnesses a more or less extensive 

 admixture of white blood; in cases where there was evidence of a 

 too great intermingling with the white element the material was 

 discarded. 



The position of the muscle insertion was compared with the 

 length of the humerus by measuring the distance of the most 

 proximal and the most distal point of attachment from the 

 proximal end of the bone, and further by determining the arith- 

 metical mean of these distances in percentage of the length of 

 the humerus. For this purpose we need first of all six exact 

 points of measurement, a proximal and a distal point on the 

 humerus, two corresponding points on the pectoralis major and 

 two more on the deltoid. The two points on the humerus are 

 found by measuring the length of the bone, choosing the distance 

 of the highest point of the caput humeri from the lowest point 

 of the capitulum and measuring parallel to the axis of the bone 

 (fig. 1, points I and II). The points of measurement for the 

 pectoralis major muscle are the most proximal and the most dis- 

 tal points of its insertion on the crista tuberculi majoris (fig. 1, 

 points III and IV) ; as a rule they are readily determined. Occa- 

 sionally the distal portion of the insertion is intimately connected 

 with the tendon of the deltoid muscle and the distal point can 

 only be obtained after careful separation of these structures. In 

 a, limited number of cases the dorsal reflected portion of the 

 muscle was observed to form a narrow tendinous band in the 

 region where it spreads out proximally to join the tendinous lin- 

 ing of the sulcus intertubercularis (in figure 1 such an instance 

 is indicated at a). In such cases this prolongation was ignored 

 and the point of measurement taken at its distal end. The lower 

 point of measurement of the deltoid is comparatively easy to 



