DETERMINATION OF SIZE OF HEART BY X-RAYS 



443 



per cent, for males and — 15.3 per cent for females. The Dietlen 

 males, on the other hand, show by this method of estimation an 

 average divergence of +12 per cent. By direct measurement 

 of the area enclosed by the completed cardiac outline, the average 

 divergence in 187 men studied bj^ Dietlen is —0.01 per cent. 

 The average divergence of the cardiac shadow of the men studied 

 by Otten is +4.9 per cent. Making allowance for the prone 



TABLE 3 



Average percentage of divergence from the standard silhouette area corresponding to 

 a given body weight in youths and adults Area estimated as 70 per cent long 

 diameter times transverse diameter. 



40-50 K \ 



88-111 lbs / 



51-60 K \ 



112-133 lbs / 



61-70 K \ 



134-155 lbs / 



71-80 K \ 



156-178 lbs / 



81-90 K \ 



179-200 lbs / 



Totals 



OBSERVER 



Claytor and Merrill 



Men 



22 



6 



37 



Pi 



12.0 



5.8 



- 3.0 



- 7.3 



5.7 



Women 



19 



31 



51 



fit,® 



-13.3 



-15.9 



17.2 



Dietlen 



Men 



72 



64 



11 



-15.31 156 



Otten 



Men 



+ 9.9 



+4.8 



+2.6 



-1.2 



+4.9 



position makes the average for the Otten figures correspond 

 closel}' with the standard based on the sitting position. The 

 heavier individuals show relative small cardiac shadow areas as 

 in the case of the individuals tabulated in table 2. 



In table 4 are given dissection room data obtained according to 

 the method outlined above, p. 438. The bodies studied for this 

 tabulation were all embalmed with equal parts of carbolic acid, 



