al 
And the “Great Carolina Marl Bed.” 19 
though of the same geological age, (Eocene,) were 
deposited first, and hence are the oldest and also the 
firmest of the two, composed as they are of a greater 
number of hard shelled mollusca, like the clam and 
oyster ; it is also of a lighter color. 
These Marts of the Cooper and Ashley Beds, 
abound in remains of cartilaginous fish, especially 
of the shark family, though they also contain 
numerous bones and teeth of Cetaceans, or whale- 
like animals, many of which were larger or as 
large as the whales found in the seas of the present 
time. From the number of their bones and teeth 
exhumed or washed out by the waves of the ocean 
they must have existed in large “ shoals,” and, together 
with the enormous sharks of that age, animals rival- 
ling the whale in size, must have constituted a vast 
marine army of ravenous “flesh eaters” and capa- 
cious “scavengers ” of the Eocene Ocean. Its eeolog- 
ical position is seen in Plate I. 
Underlying the Cooper River beds, as seen in the 
same Plate I, are the Santee-marls ; these are also of 
the Eocene day or period, but unlike the superim- 
posed or later deposites of the Ashley and Cooper, 
they are composed principally of hard shells and 
corals or corallines, though the corals are not of the 
“ Reef-building order” of corals. It is very white 
when dried, and was called by Professor Tuomey the 
“Coralline Bed of the Charleston Basin.” In two or 
three places are found interstratified with these Santee 
beds, layers of soft pulverulent Green-sand Marl, con- 
taining only about 25 per cent. of Carbonate of 
