PHYSIOLOGY OF THE INVERTEBRATA. 217 



a pale red, also the base, and the tentacles a pale green 

 tipped with violet. In the violet apices of the tentacles, 

 actiniochrome was detected. The rest of the tentacles gave 

 a spectrum resembling that of chlorophyll." The base in 

 some specimens of this species contained actiniolia3matin. 

 Besides the above-mentioned pigments, there are " yellow 

 cells " present in the body cavity and ectoderm. The 

 " yellow cells " on treatment with Schulze's solution gave the 

 reaction for cellulose. These cells contain starch. 



Anthea ccreus contains symbiotic unicellular alga?, and 

 Mac^Iunn has proved that the chlorofucin in Anthea ccreus, 

 Bunodcs haUii, and Sagarita bcllis, is without doubt due to 

 the so-called " yellow cells " ; and in those anemones possess- 

 ing " yellow cells " there is more or less suppression of the 

 respiratory pigments found in other Actinim. The extracts 

 of the " yellow cells," prepared by Sir G. Stokes's fractional 

 method, yielded chlorophyll and chlorofucin, proving that 

 the colouring matters of the algas are several, for there are 

 present at least one chlorophyll, one chlorofucin, and certain 

 lipochromes, and perhaps other pigments, all of which belong 

 to the " vellow cells." 



These "yellow cells" are parasitic algae and have not a 

 hepatic function as supposed by the late Dr. Krukenberg. 

 In no Invertebrate '■ liver" are such bodies found. 



The Invertebrate /ivc^'-pigment, or enterochlorophyll, occui's 

 mostly dissolved in oil, or in granules, or diffused through 

 the protoplasm of the lining cells of the " liver " tubes.* 

 'J'he colouring matters of these " yellow cells " belong to the 

 chlorophyll group, and bear no relationship whatever to 

 enterochlorophyll, which is in direct opposition to Kruken- 

 berg, who stated that the pigment of the "yellow cells " is a 

 hepatochromate, which is his name for enterochlorophyll. 



The function of animal chlorophyll is of use in the 

 respiratory processes of animals. f 



* MacMunn in Proc. Itoij. 80c. 1885; and P.lilos. Tram. i885, part i. 

 t Regnard in Compta Jiendus, vol. loi, p. 1293. 



