PSYCHE 
[February 
() 
Section 5. Range of butterflies. An interesting Ijrief discussion of the range 
limits of species and of what determines these limits. Food ])lant sometimes is the 
determining factor, sometimes obviously not; something not obvious in many ca.ses, 
but real. 
Section 12. Seasonal forms. In some cases the early spring appearers are 
darker in markings than the later ones; in other cases, as Colias eimjtheme, the 
early or cold weather forms are paler than the later warm weather forms. 
Section 13. Ihjbrids. Some intere, sting examples of Initterfly hybridization 
are noted. Author has seen Thecia dumctoruiit aiul Th. iroides in copulo; also 
Pieris rapae plus P. protodice. Author noted both of these cases in seven years; 
in the same time he noted perhaps twenty other pairs of butterflies in regular mating; 
he concludes, therefore, that one pair of Initterflies in every one hundred and forty 
is regularly mismated, that is seven out of one thousand. “Now if that per cent be 
normal and continues, we see at once that there can be no resulting fertile progeny 
from the mismating, for if there were intergraded varieties following every mismating 
the world would be full of hit-and-miss butterflies in a few years. It therefore 
aj)pears conclusive that, as in other lines of the animal kingdom, the mismatings 
mu.st be infertile immediately or in the next generation.” [This is in opposition to 
Luther Burbank’s belief that much of the variety in organisms, plants, at least, is 
due to fertile hybridizing. V. L. K.] 
Section 14. Dimorphism. An interesting paragraph calling attention to white 
and black dichromatism of Argynnis and Colias. Author notes that the normal 
female of Colias is being replaced by the albino, and believes that the normal females 
of Argynnis nokomis, A. nitocris, and A. leto have all been su])planted by the black 
form, frhis is in line with Emery’s theory of the origin of secondary sexual forms — 
V. L. K.] 
Section 16. An interesting paragraph on gynandromorphy. Author notes 
the capture of a specimen of Lyccna piasus with male and female right and left 
wings (figured). 
Section 17. Se.T-marks. Notes an interesting secondary sexual character 
namely, in Xymphalidae the fore-legs or lappets of males “are fully clad with plenty 
of long hairs, while the lappets of the females are less fully clad in shorter and scanty 
hairs. 
Section 20. Non-feeding species. Notes the non-feeding characteristic of the 
Satyridae; yet they have .sucking prolioscis. 
Section 24. Taming butterflies. “Butterflies are easily tamed . . . . ; a <lay or 
two will suffice to tame a butterfly so that when it sees you coming it will walk toward 
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