1907] 
KELLOGG — BUTTERFLY BIOLOGY 
you, wavin'; its wiii^s in pleasure at your appearance, and <;ent)y unrollin'; its tongue 
as it walks aloii<; in autieipatioii of a sip of sweetened water; then it will eliinh upon 
yon finger. . . . Yon must always approach the hntterlly with gentle motions, with 
an absence of anything new or strange, or unexpected or im])leasant, when it is 
hungry and with food on your finger tips; and when yon call it yon must each time 
do so with the same motions and the same tone of voice. 'I'he females are more 
tractable and teachable than the males.” 
Section 2."). Lriu/tli of n hidtcrfiifs life. Notes on the duration of the imaginal 
stage in various butterfly groups; (iraptas, \'ane.ssas, Pyrameis (long-lived) Argynnis 
and Melitaea (a few weeks to two months), Satyridae (short-lived a week or so), 
and (’ll ionobas idnna (ten days). 
Section 27. Rubbing the leingx. Author notes the curious habit of the Thecla.s 
and Lycaenas of rubbing the wings together while at rest. Author .sees no explana- 
tion. ['Phey are not improbably producing .sound by rubbing sjiecial .scries of stifl’ 
u[)right .scales together; 1 have referred to this jihenomenon in an early pajier on the 
.seale.s of the I>epidoptera. V. L. K.] 
.Section flO. M iynicrg nr sirnulatinn. An interesting but rather jiecnliar section 
under this subject, including .some excellent ob.servations, but showing a curious 
lack of understanding, of the theory of protective re.semblance and mimicrv on the 
author’s part. The author assumes that mimicry, where existent, is a vohtntarUy 
acquired condition of the mimicking or simulating species! Among the author’s 
ob.servations are the following: (Most Satyridae alight “upon places concolorous 
with themselves.” Chionobas gigas alights only on bare gray rock upon which gray 
mo.ss and lichens grow. “When it alights on such a jilace you cannot distinguish it 
although you saw it alight only three yards away.”. . . “During 2.5 years’ butterfly 
work I have seen but one attemjit of a bird to catch a butterfly; then it was a fly- 
catcher bird chasing a Colias, dashing after it many times until, tired out, it stopped 
and the (’olias e.scaped.” 
Section 51. Movement of buttcrfiicx. By this title author means “the substi- 
tution of the abnormal female for the normal; the tem])orary or permanent ilisaj)- 
])earance of an entire species, and the imacconntablc appearance of lost or nidviiown 
species; in fine, the change from one state of things to another state.” -Author 
notes the conditions of occurrence of pale females of (’olias, the rlisappearance of the 
species Lycaena tequa in .Southern (’alifornia, the disappearance ami reappearance- 
of Iwcaena xerxes near San Francisco, the becoming common of the former very rare. 
Pampila melane, and the disappearance of Chionobas nevadensis, .Satyrus wheeleri. 
and Mechanitis californica. 
