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mentioned naked spot we find a somewhat prominent nioutli (pi. 11, &g. 6 e and %. 6 f ; 

 pi. Ill, fig. 2 c), which is supported by some chitinous lists, the two longest of wliich point 

 straight forward, are as long as, or somewhat longer than, the diameter of the mouth and 

 enclose the anterior half of the naked si)ot. Of mouth-appendages we only see the well- 

 developed mandibles, the points of \\'hich project in tlie orifice of the mouth; the hairs round 

 the mouth-border are apparently wanting (but perhaps the magnifying power of my micro- 

 scope does not suffice to discover them). Outside the anterior half of the mouth, and beneath 

 the naked area in front of it, several muscles are seen, which evidently serve the action of 

 the mouth. The pupae of the same species show great difference of size. In Sphcpr. chinensis 

 a small pupa is -14(5 mm., a large one -24 mm. in length, and both are illustrated in pi. II, 

 fig. 6 c and fig. 6 d magnified on the same scale. But I have found a much greater difference 

 in Splicer, danica, of wMch species I have seen nine pupae : tlie smallest (pi. II, fig. 4 d) is 

 only -115 mm. long aud -085 mm. broad, an other (fig. 4 c) is -185 mm. long, and the largest 

 is -25 mm. long and -194 mm. broad, thus somewhat more than double the length and 

 double the breadth of the smallest specimen. //* the small ptipm I have not been able to find 

 the vestige of any organ, and their contents — except the muscles of the mouth — consisted 

 of a granular substance. Salensky writes (op. cit. p. 317): »Weder innere Organe, uoch 

 selbst irgend welche Formelemente liessen sich im lunern wahrnelimen ; doch konnte moglicher 

 Weise der Darmkanal vorhandeu sein und nur durch die zahlreiclicu Koinchen verdunkelt 

 werden« — ; later, on p. 318, he describes the mouth, but he has seen neithei- the man- 

 dibles nor the muscles, nor has he been aware that he had a mouth before him, and he 

 concludes Ids statement about liis youngest specimen, which is 12 mm, long, in the following 

 words: »Das Wachsthum geht in dieser Periode sehr rascli vor sich«. Tliis last observation 

 I consider to be correct, and as it appears from the above-stated measurements, that the 

 pupa during its development grows to a manifold larger Adiume, it is clear that if mnsf take 

 nourishment through its mouth, of ivhich we have given a description, but it must be left, to 

 new examinations of fi-esh material to explain how tliis is effected, if there really exists an 

 intestinal tube — wliich we must naturally suppose — but the contents of young and half- 

 grown pupae preserved in alcohol have made the impression on me of being evenly granulous, 

 without organs. In the above-mentioned laigest (-24 nun. long) pupa of S'phrer. chinensis 

 (pi, 11, fig, 6 b) and in the largest (25 nun, long) pupa of Spheer. dan lea I found young 

 females, and Salensky writes (p, 319): »Das letzte von mir geseheue Stadium zeigte das 

 unter der Puppenhaut sclion vollkomraen ausgebildete Thier mit alien Anhiingen, Die Puppe 

 hat eine Lange von 0,27 Mm, erreicht , . . . ; an ihrer Oberfliiche sind keine Veriinderungen 

 sichtbar«; whei'cupon he describes the animal, though without mentioning that it is a female, 

 however, this is easily seen from his illustration. My specimen of Sithar. chinensis (pi, II, 

 fig. 6 f) shows antennulae, mouth, maxillaj, maxillipeds, the two pairs of trunk-legs, the not 

 yet ftilly developed genital apertures and the caudal stylets, which are seen thi'ough the 

 hairy skin. It is seen that the mouth of the young female is situated far more to the front 



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