ZYG^NIDA^. in 



colour ; the bristles then appear, and the adult colouring 

 is gradually assumed. Its habits are most curious. The 

 young larva, as soon as hatched, mines into the substance 

 of a leaf and eats the parenchyma. When ready to cast 

 a skin it leaves the mine and places itself quietly upon the 

 surface of the leaf until the moult is accomplished — which 

 is not for nine or ten days — then, after a further rest, it 

 enters another leaf, eating out the parenchyma as before, 

 and leaving a blister-like space. This continues, with several 

 rests for change of skin, until October, when a silken mat is 

 made on the midrib of a leaf for hybernation. Here it 

 remains, although the leaves die down, until February or 

 March, when the same habit of feeding is recommenced and 

 continued to full growth, except that, occasionally, a full 

 grown larva may be seen to eat through the entire leaf 

 including the surface skins. (Buckler.) 



July to June on Centaurea nigra, G. scahiosa and G. jacea. 



Pupa half an inch long; rounded, with the thorax pro- 

 minent, the tips of the wing-cases free from the body, and 

 the long leg- and antenna-sheaths all free ; abdominal segments 

 deeply divided, and having dorsal rows of hooks, pointing 

 back, by means of which it ultimately works out of its cocoon. 

 Head, thorax, and wing-cases dark shining olive-green ; body 

 and leg-cases lighter shining green; hooklets black. Just 

 below the surface of the ground, in an oval cocoon of earth 

 and silk, and an inner cocoon of soft opaque greenish-white 

 silk. (Buckler.) But Zeller found that his larvae made their 

 brownish-grey cocoons on the surface of the earth, deeply 

 concealed, close to the roots of the plant. Probably both 

 mean the same, as Buckler says that the cocoons were visible 

 as slight elevations of the surface. His account of this 

 species is long and most interesting, and could only be 

 condensed here. 



An exceedingly local species, of quiet habits, yet fairly 

 active in the sunshine, and is said not to sham death when 



