cochliopodida:. 173 



with the margins and cilia ochreous ; in the female yellow- 

 brown, the fore wings clouded with darker brown. 

 On the wing at the end of June and in July. 



Larva half an inch long by one quarter broad. Onisciform, 

 slightly tapering behind ; head smooth, shining, pale 

 yellowish-green, head and second segment retractile ; dorsal 

 surface raised into a ridge ; sides slightly indented ; under 

 surface much flattened; no apparent legs. Colour yellowish- 

 green on the sides ; the whole of the back occupied by a large 

 diamond-shaped red marking the lateral angles of which 

 reach to the spiracles ; this large diamond-shaped mark is 

 prolonged in front as a broad red-brown band towards the 

 head. These dorsal markings combined form a spear-head 

 mark with the apex or point behind, the edges darker red. 

 Under surface whitish, much tinged with greenish at the 

 sides and towards the head. (C. Fenn.) Mr. W. Buckler says 

 that on the margin of the under surface is a soft projecting 

 ridge of flexible skin, which appears to serve the purpose of 

 legs, and propels it forward with an undulating motion. 



August to October, on Beech and Oak, feeding on the 

 leaves. 



Pupa short, thick, soft but polished, rather lively, squared 

 in front, the head not extending beyond the thorax, but with 

 a short broad projecting ridge between the eyes, in a good 

 position for cutting off" the cap-like end of the cocoon ; cases 

 of the antennas, legs and wings stout, free from the abdominal 

 segments, those of the wings falcate and reaching the twelfth 

 segm ent ; those of the third pair of legs extending to the 

 anal segment, which is bent under, slightly forked and with- 

 out spines. Colour dark brown, with the hinder edges of the 

 abdominal segments transparent-whitish ; spiracles pale, 

 round, and projecting, all but the last two pairs covered by the 

 detached wing-cases, under which they can be seen when the 

 abdomen moves. In an oval cocoon, sometimes placed in 

 the fold of a dried beech leaf, but more frequently spun very 



