NO LID ^. 185 



which it lies, and that some remained without moving- till 

 the middle of May, So far as has been noticed it feeds 

 always exposed on the leaves both by day and night. 



I'UPA very blunt at each extremity, not swollen in the 

 middle ; tail without hook, spine, or bristle ; dull brown ; 

 head slightly darker. Very tightly enclosed in a shell-like 

 triangular cocoon of a whitish colour, thickly dusted with 

 purple and with a projecting beak at the top. This cocoon 

 is closely glued down to the bark of a stem on one side, and 

 on the other fastened down with fine bands of whitish silk. 

 (Fenn.) Its surface is closely covered with morsels of the 

 bark. In pupa two or three weeks. 



The moth sits, head downwards, in the daytime, on a trunk 

 or branch, or among the leaves of hawthorn or sloe, or on 

 palings near, or walls among pear trees, with head uplifted 

 and fore wings closed so as to completely cover the hind, 

 showing, from its blackish basal colouring and raised scales, 

 a curious tippit or cloak-like appearance. It is easily dis- 

 turbed in the daytime, and flies freely at early dusk. A 

 tendency to suicide appears to be among its more noticeable 

 characteristics, as it is constantly found in water tanks and 

 rain-water butts, near wall fruit trees. 



Very common in hedges and orchards in the South and 

 East of England, and not scarce in the southern and western 

 Midlands as far as Leicestershire, Derbyshire, Staffordshire, 

 and Herefordshire ; but not extending far into the west, as I 

 find no record in Devon ; and although it is recorded com- 

 monly in Glamorganshire, I never saw it in Pembrokeshire. 

 Records in the North of England appear to be few, though 

 it is widely distributed in Yorkshire. In Scotland it is found 

 rarely in Perthshire, and even in the districts of Tay and 

 Moray, but confined to woods. In Ireland it was recorded as 

 common by the late Mr. E. Birchall, but no other records 

 appear to exist ; and it is probably absent from that country. 

 Abroad it is found throughout Central and the temperate 



