ARCTIIDM. 283 



become recurrent in some parts of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, 

 and in some cases very strongly marked indeed, the hind wings 

 also being furnished with additional spots, in some cases to 

 the extent of producing a long curved central line or stripe. 



Occasionally, in the London suburbs, specimens occur with 

 the hind wings equally strongly spotted or blotched, the fore 

 wings being comparatively normal, but in these cases the 

 underside is very strongly marked. Between the strongly 

 marked and ordinary specimens every possible intermediate 

 gradation is found. Very different from these, and forming 

 a most remarkable aberrant race, is the variety known as 

 zatima, Cramer, radicda, Haworth, and great has been the 

 interest and even excitement aroused by it within the last two 

 or three years. In it the usual black dots or dashes and the 

 oblique fascia are obliterated, but from the hind margin, run 

 inward bars of smoky black occupying the spaces between 

 the nervures, so that radiating black bars occupy the whole 

 marginal area of fore and hind wings, except the nervures, 

 in a varying degree, sometimes to the middle of the wings, 

 and occasionally running almost to the base of the hind, 

 though the middle of the fore wings always remains buff. 

 The costal and dorsal margins are black, and with the extended 

 black colour, the sharply defined creamy white nervures, and 

 the yellowish cilia, this variety forms an object well worthy of 

 the admiration it has excited. The first specimen seems to 

 have been obtained early in the century by Mr. Haworth, 

 from Yorkshire ; this is now in the collection of Dr. Mason at 

 Burton-on-Trent. In 1837 the late Mr. J. C. Dale obtained 

 specimens from Saltfleet, Lincolnshire. These it was stated 

 had been reared, with more ordinary specimens, from larva? 

 fed on elder {Samhucus). More recently Mr. W. H. B. 

 Fletcher has obtained similar specimens from Mablethorpe, 

 Lincolnshire, and Mr. G. Dawson has reared one from a 

 Cumberland larva. Other examples are in the collection of 

 the late Mr. F. Bond. Several years ago (1891) a specimen 

 was reared from among a mixed lot of English pupse by Mr. 



