LI PARI DAL. 297 



wings alike snowy-white ; body white, except the yellow anal 

 tuft ; legs thickly and broadly covered with fluffy snow-white 

 scales down to the claws, especially so in the first pair. 



Hardly variable, but, rarelj^, a smoky black spot appears 

 near the base at a short distance from the dorsal margin, 

 and one or two more near the apex or hind margin, the latter 

 indicating, with the blotch at the anal angle, the position of 

 a normal second line. One specimen in Mr. S. Webb's 

 collection has such a line faintly indicated as a sort of sub- 

 marginal band. 



On the wing at the end of June and through July. Occa- 

 sionally examples of a very partial second generation are found 

 in October. 



Larva hairy, stout, cylindrical, compressed at incisions of 

 segments, humped, the fifth and sixth segments being the 

 largest. Ground colour black ; dorsal line bright scarlet, 

 interrupted on the fifth, sixth, and twelfth segments, on which 

 are slight eminences with white spots ; spiracular line dull 

 red ; head black with a yellow spot on the mouth ; under- 

 surface spotted with orange and yellow. All the usual spots 

 emit tufts of long hairs. (0. Fenn.) 



August to June on hawthorn and fruit trees ; but sometimes 

 on various other trees, more especially beech and oak. The 

 young larvas live in a common web or nest of their own con- 

 struction, made of the leaves of their food-plant, two or three 

 of which they draw together with silken threads, also fastening 

 them to the twigs in the same manner. They eat only one sur- 

 face of the leaves, returning to the nest when hunger is satisfied. 

 In October each young larva makes a small cocoon-like 

 hybernaculum within a similar nest, which is then formed 

 under bark, or in a curled leaf near the ground, or else on 

 the thick stems of the food plant, and in this pass the winter. 

 On awaking in the spring they gnaw the buds until the leaves 

 appear, continuing to live gregariously until the last moult, 

 near the end of May, after which they scatter, and feed openly 



