LIPARID^. 331 



Head pale brown or blackish ; body purplish-grey, or smoky, 

 with a whitish, or yellowish, dorsal line edged with black, and 

 sometimes dotted with crimson ; a subdorsal row of large 

 raised crimson spots ; spiracular line yellowish, much inter- 

 rupted ; on each side of the second segment is a long tuft of 

 blackish hairs, plumed and clubbed, some longer than the rest ; 

 on thefifth to the eighth segments each a thick dense dorsal tuft 

 of hairs of equal length terminating as obtusely as a shaving 

 brush, yellow or yellow tipped with brown ; twelfth segment 

 with a long dense dorsal tuft pointing backward and consisting 

 of dark grey, dark brown, or blackish clubbed hairs ; the whole 

 body covered with soft brown or creamy hairs. The red spots 

 on the back, and the spots from which the lateral tufts of the 

 second segment spring, are raised and rather in the nature of 

 tubercles. Legs and prolegs brown. 



April to June or July of even August, and in rare instances, 

 in a second generation, in September. On hawthorn, black- 

 thorn, sallow, lime, rose, willow, oak, and indeed on almost all 

 deciduous trees and shrubs. The eggs hatch at intervals over 

 a rather long period, consequently larvas are feeding up all 

 through the summer. 



Pupa rather stout, glossy black-brown, with numerous 

 small tufts of short whitish hairs ; on the back is a row of 

 indistinct pale spots. In a thin but very tough cocoon of 

 silk with larval hairs interwoven, in chinks of bark, under 

 eaves, in crevices of walls or palings, or any protected spot ; 

 but the female cocoon is very commonly spun up among the 

 twigs of a hawthorn hedge, several leaves being drawn round 

 it in such a manner that it is completely hidden. The under- 

 side of the cocoon is bare of leaves, and here the female lays 

 her eggs in a close flat mass, all side by side, the eggs 

 remaining here in perfect security through the winter. 

 Although the female has no effective wings, the wing-covers 

 in the pupa are normal and show no indication of this failure 

 of structure. 



