342 LEPTDOPTERA. 



the pupa of the male, and with euergetic twists of its 

 body it is enabled to go up and down its gauze-like funnel 

 with astonishing rapidity : the funnel serves for a weather- 

 gauge for both male and female ; it serves the female both 

 in the pupa and perfect state, but for the male only in the 

 pupa state. The female pupa moves up to the top of the 

 funnel, and if the sun shines and the time has arrived for 

 assuming the imago it liberates itself from the case and just 

 thrusts its head out at the end of the funnel, and there 

 awaits the arrival of the male until night comes on, or the 

 sun is clouded, or it is disturbed ; in either of these events it 

 will move down to what is now the bottom of the case ; next 

 day, if all is right, it will be at the top of the funnel again. 

 The body of the male is somewhat similar to a telescope : it 

 lengthens out between every joint or segment. The female 

 lays her eggs, which are covered with a glutinous moisture, 

 within the case ; she then falls through the aperture of the 

 funnel, which opens downwards. The funnel of the male is 

 considerably longer than that of the female. It is truly 

 astonishing how fast the pupse will travel up and down their 

 funnels. They ascend occasionally to ascertain whether the 

 sun is shining, and if not they will not burst the pupa cases, 

 as the males fly only in the sunshine ; they will thrust the 

 pupa one-half out, and more, if it pleases them to come out 

 and leave it." The insect must, surely, have been far more 

 plentiful in Weaver's time than recently, or he must have 

 had exceptional opportunities for observing it ! But like the 

 last species, the female moth certainly leaves the case, in 

 some instances, immediately upon emergence from the pupa. 

 This had occurred with those from which the foregoing 

 description was made, and for which I am indebted to Mr. 

 W. H. B. Fletcher and Mr. W. C. Boyd. Mr. W. Holland 

 spent some time last spring in searching for cases in my 

 behalf, but without success in that respect, though he had 

 the far more unusual good fortune to capture a male moth 

 on the wing. He says : "In crossing a common I saw some- 



