CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 291 



Juan Fernandez. As the genera are all enumerated in the table, 

 at p. 101 of this volume, I shall here confine myself to the dis- 

 tribution of the sub-families, only referring to such genera as are 

 of special geographical interest. 



Sub-family I. CoNOPHAGiNiE (2 genera, 13 species). Confined 

 to tropical South America, from Brazil and Bolivia to Guiana 

 and Columbia. 



Sub-family II. T^NioPTERiNiE (19 genera, 76 species). This 

 group ranges from Patagonia and the Falkland Islands to the 

 northern United States ; yet it is almost wholly South American, 

 only 2 genera and 4 species passing north of Panama, and none 

 inhabiting the West Indian islands. Sayornis has 3 species in 

 North America, while Tcenioptera, Cnipolegus, Muscisaxicola, and 

 Centrites, range south to Patagonia. 



Sub-family III. Platyrhynichin^ (16 genera, 60 species). This 

 sub-family is wholly Neotropical and mostly South American, 

 only 7 of the genera passing Panama and but 3 reaching Mexico, 

 while there are none in the West Indian islands. Only 3 genera 

 extend south to the temperate sub-region, and one of these, 

 Aifimretes, has a species in Juan Fernandez. 



Sub-family IV. Elainein.^ (17 genera, 91 species). This sub- 

 family is more exclusively tropical, only two genera extending 

 south as far as Chili and La Plata, while none enter the Nearctic 

 region. No less than 10 of the genera pass north of Panama, 

 and one of these, Elainea, which ranges from Chili to Costa Rica 

 has several species in the West Indian islands. About one 

 fourth of the species of this sub-family are found north of 

 Panama. 



Sub-family V. Tyrannin^ (17 genera, 89 species). This sub- 

 family is that which is best represented in the Nearctic region, 

 where 6 genera and 24 species occur. Milvulus reaches Texas ; 

 Tyrannus and Myiarrhus range over all the United States ; 

 Empidias, the Eastern States and California ; Contopus extends 

 to Canada ; Empidonax ranges all over North America ; and 

 Pyrocephalus reaches the Gila Valley as well as the Galapagos 

 Islands. No less than 5 genera of this sub-family occur in the 

 West Indian islands. 



