CHAP. XX.] FISHES. 451 



Family 75.— CYPEINID^. (109 Genera, 790 Species.) 



" Fresh- water fishes, generally scaly, with no adipose fin, and 

 pharyngeal teeth only, the mouth being toothless." 



Distribution. — Fresh waters of the Old World and North 

 America, but absent from Australia and South America. 



This enormous family is divided by Dr. Gunther into fourteen 

 groups, the distribution of which is as follows : — 



Catostomina (4 genera). North America and North-east Asia ; 

 Cyprinina (39 genera), same range as the family ; Eohteichthyina 

 (1 genus), Malay Archipelago ; Leptobarbina (1 genus), Malay 

 Archipelago ; Easborina (5 genera), East Africa to China and 

 Borneo ; Semiplotina (2 genera), "Western Asia ; Xenocypridina 

 (3 genera). Eastern Asia ; Leuciscina (10 genera), Palaearctic 

 and Nearctic regions ; Ehodeina (3 genera), Palaearctic region ; 

 Danionina (9 genera), India to China and Japan ; Hypophthal- 

 michthyina (1 genus), China ; Abramidina (16 genera), same 

 range as the family ; Homalopterina (2 genera), India to Java ; 

 Cobitidina (10 genera), Palfearctic and Oriental regions. 



The following is the distribution of the genera : — 



Catostomus (16 sp.), Nearctic region and Eastern Siberia ; 

 Moxostoma (2 sp.), Eastern United States ; Sclerognathus (5 sp.), 

 Temperate North America to Guatemala, also Northern China ; 

 Carpiodes (1 sp.), United States ; Cyprinus (2 sp.), Temperate 

 parts of Palsearctic region (1 sp. British) ; Carassius (3 sp,), 

 Temperate Palaearctic region (1 sp. British) ; Catla (1 sp.), 

 Continental India ; Cirrhina (5 sp.). Continental India to China; 

 Dangila (6 sp.), Java, Sumatra, Borneo; OsteocMlus (14 sp.), 

 Siam to Java and Sumatra ; Labeo (27 sp.). Tropical Africa and 

 Oriental region: Tylognatlius (10 sp.), Syria, India to Java; 

 Abrostomus (2 sp.). South Africa ; Discognathus (4 sp.), Syria to 

 India and Java, mostly in mountain streams ; Crossochilns (9 sp.), 

 India to Sumatra and Java ; Gymnostomus (7 sp.). Continental 

 India ; Epalzeorhynchus (1 sp.), Sumatra and Borneo ; Capoeta 

 (13 sp.). Western Asia; Barhus (163 sp.), Temperate or Tropical 



