514 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part iv. 



in West Africa. The iiuinber of species in tliis genus have 

 now been increased to about 400. 



Clausilia (272 sp.) is most abundant in Europe, with a few 

 species widely scattered in India, Malaya, China, Japan, Equa- 

 torial America, and one in Porto Eico. The described species 

 have been increased to nearly 500. 



Bulimulus (210 sp.) is American, and almost exclusively 

 Neotropical, ranging from Montevideo and Chili, to the West 

 Indian Islands, California and Texas ; with two sub-genera con- 

 fined to the Galapagos Islands. About 100 new species have 

 been described since the issue of the second edition of Dr. 

 Woodward's Manual 



Pupa (210 sp.) abounds most in Europe and the Arctic 

 regions, but has a very wide range, being scattered throughout 

 Africa, continental India, Australia, the Pacific Islands, North 

 America to Greenland, and the Antilles ; but it is absent 

 from South America, the Himalayan and Malayan sub-regions, 

 China and Japan. An extinct species has occurred abundantly in 

 the carboniferous strata of North America. About 160 addi- 

 tional species have been described. 



Bulimus (J 72 sp.) abounds most in Tropical South America ; 

 it is also found from Burmah eastward through Malaya to the 

 Solomon and Fiji Islands ; there are also scattered species in 

 Patagonia, St. Vincents, Texas, St. Helena, and New Zealand, 

 More than 100 additional species have been described. 



Buliminus (132 sp.) ranges from Central and South Europe 

 over the whole Ethiopian and Oriental regions to North China, 

 and through the Australian to New Zealand ; there is also a 

 single outlying species in the Galapagos Islands. About 50 

 more species have been described. 



Cochlostyla (127 sp.) is almost peculiar to the Philippine 

 Islands, beyond which, are a species in Borneo, one in Java, and 

 two in Australia. Very few new species have been added to 

 this genus. 



Achatmella (95 sp.) is absolutely confined to the Sandwich 

 Island group. Piccent researches have more than tripled the 

 number of described species. 



