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in chromatin, and a cell body with a very evident spongioplasm. The 

 surface next the lumen of the gland is not differentiated in any way. 

 In the cell body are scattered numerous granules which stain with 

 eosin, though not very strongly, and which can be brought out best 

 by M. Heidenhain's iron-hsematoxylin, with which they stain an in- 

 tense black. I have no doubt, from the analogy of the granules in 

 the pancreas, that these are zymogen granules. They vary slightly in 

 size, and are always most numerous towards the free end of the cell. 

 Their actual number, or at least the ease with which they can be 

 demonstrated, varies very much in different stomachs, and even in 

 different parts of the same stomach, and probably would be found to 

 depend upon whether the organ had been recently called on to digest 

 at the time of death or not. They are never very numerous in the 

 stomachs of estuary salmon. 



The amount of this variety of epithelium present in the glands 

 varies greatly with the part of the stomach examined. About one-half 

 or one-third of the vertical extent of the cardiac glands is occupied 

 by this epithelium (Fig. 1), while at the pylorus there may be 

 only a few cells of this sort at the bottom of a tube formed in 

 about equal proportions of the superficial and intermediate epithelia. 

 Perhaps one-twelfth or less of the whole extent in the pyloric glands 

 is occupied by this epithehum. The glands intermediate in position 

 between these two regions are intermediate also in this respect. 



The above description of the normal stomach is drawn up from 

 examination of the stomachs of seven fish caught at Berwick in March 

 1896. Portions of their stomachs were fixed in sublimate solution as 

 soon as they were killed. 



Stomachs of Salmon from upper Waters of Rivers. 

 The stomachs of fish killed in the upper reaches of rivers pre- 

 sent very striking differences from the normal type, which seem to be 

 caused by a desquamative catarrh of the mucous membrane. The 

 muscular and submucous layers show no change, the muscularis mu- 

 cosae is unaltered, but the connective tissue of the mucous membrane 

 looks swollen and hyaline. This appearance is best seen in the stratum 

 compactum, which is thicker than in the normal stomach, and often 

 much more folded, as though its total volume were increased. The 

 number of eosinophile leucocytes in the meshes of the connective tissue 

 is also usually increased. But the principal change is in the epi- 

 thelium of the glands. In the extreme cases this is almost entirely 

 desquamated, even from the fundi, but usually more or less of the 



