267 
GARROD in the paper already quoted shows that a filiform append- 
age at the end of which the urethra opens is attached to the penis 
in quite a considerable number of Ruminants. ‘Thus it is present in 
Moschus, Giraffa, Addax, Cephalopus, Gazella, Capre- 
olus, Elaphodus and others. The widespread occurrence of the 
structure in animals having a cotyledonary uterus is suggestive. Since 
the uterine cavity in the sheep at any rate is largely obliterated, by 
the cotyledons especially during the period of ‘heat’!), and since this 
must tend to make the passage of the sperms more difficult, an ad- 
justment whereby the whole of the seminal fluid is discharged into 
the uterus and none wasted in the vagina, may perhaps be a device 
to increase the chances of some of the sperms reaching the Fallopian 
tubes where they fertilize the ova. 
In some of the above mentioned Ruminants the filiform append- 
age comes off medially and the penis is symmetrical. The ovine type 
in which the appendage is attached to the left side and the penis is 
asymmetrical does not appear to occur in any of the Cervidae. In 
the Bovidae it is quite common, but is not present in all members 
of the family. Thus in Saiga the penis from Murıe’s?) description 
and figure is apparently symmetrical, the urethra opening on “on in- 
ferior oblique papillar extension of the corpus spongiosum”, this ex- 
tension no doubt representing the filiform appendage. Outside the 
Bovidae the ovine type of penis is shown by Garrop to occur in the 
Musk Deer and the Giraffe. In the bull (Fig. 4) the appendage is 
Fig. 4. Distal end of bull’s penis, 
as seen from the left side, showing glans 
and urethral papilla. The prepuce has 
been folded back. About ?/, natural 
size. 
represented by a papilla an eigth of an inch long on which the urethra 
opens. Sections through this papilla are very similar to sections through 
the proximal part of the appendage fin the ram. Fibro-cartilage is 
present in abundance. The bull’s penis is not provided with an ac- 
1) Marsuatt, Preliminary Communication on the Oestous Cycle etc. 
in the Sheep. Proc. R. Soc. London, Vol. 68, 1901. 
2) Muriz, On the Saiga Antelope. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, Vol. 38, 
1870. 
