34a 



Haws or Hawthorn Fruits. — The fruits of Crataegus Oxya- 



cantha, L., are referred to by Johnson and Sowerby, Lc, as being 

 seldom eaten here although very nutritious. They are said to be 

 eaten largely in Kamtschatka and also to be made into a kind of 

 wine by fermenting with water. The haws of several kinds of 

 Crataegus^ particularly those of C. Azarolus^ L., and C. tanace- 

 tifolia, Pers., are apple-like in outline, nearly an inch in diameter 

 and rather pleasant to the taste. They are sometimes used as 

 dessert fruits. 



Cotoneaster. — The fruits of most kinds of Cotoneaster are 

 eagerly eaten by birds, but they do not appear to have been put to 

 any domestic use. 



Blackberries. — The fruits of various species of Ruhus are 



known throughout the country as blackberries and they are the 

 most useful of our wild fruits. The fruit of the wild raspberry, 

 R. Idaeus^ L., the cloudberry, R, ChaTnaemorus, L. ; and stone 

 bramble, R. saxatilisy L,, are other British kinds which bear 

 useful fruits. The fruits of many exotic kinds of Ruhus may be 

 used for similar purposes. 



Elderberry. — Sambucus nigra, L., the common elder is a 

 familiar shrub or small tree in most parts of the country. Its 

 fruits are eagerly eaten by birds, but they are also gathered and 

 made into a wine or syrup, which in a warm and sometimes spiced 

 condition is frequently used in country places as a remedy for 

 colds, in addition to being served as a beverage. The berries are 

 said to have cooling, aperient, and diuretic properties, but to act 

 as an emetic on some people. They have sometimes been used as 

 a dye. 



Guelder Rose (Viburnum Op^dus, L.). — Loudon, I.e., refers 

 to the fruit of this shrub being eaten in Sweden and also gives a 

 reference to them being eaten in Siberia; elsewhere he says that 



they are bitter and nauseous. Neither the fruits of this species 

 nor those of F. Lantana, L., have any use in this country, how- 

 ever, and are usually considered to be unwholesome though birds 

 eat them greedily enough. 



Honeysuckle or Woodbine. — The fruits of Lonicera Pericly' 

 tnenum, L., and other species have a disagreeable flavour and are 

 credited with emetic properties, but they are usually eaten by birds 



as soon as they are ripe. 



Tea Tree or Box Thorn [Lyclum chinense, Mill.). — In this 

 case the fruits are considered to be unwholesome, and to possess 

 purgative properties. Other species are of no greater use. 



Bitter Sweet (Solanuin Dulcamara^ L.) — The bright red berries 

 of this trailing shrub have alternately a bitter and a sweet taste. 

 They have poisonous properties and are of no value. 



L 



Strawberry Tree (Arbutus Unedo^ L.). — The fruits of this 



T^lant do not annear to have been nut to anv reerular use, though 



