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XV.—ECONOMIC NOTES ON TRANSVAAL GRASSES. 
The following notes have been supplied by Lt.-Col, A. F. 
AppPLEron, P.V.O., of the Army Headquarters at Pretoria. 
They were drawn up jointly by him and Mr. Burtt Davy, Botanist 
of the Transvaal Department of Agriculture, whilst the determina- 
tions were revised by Dr. O. Stapf, excepting the species marked 
with an asterisk, of which no specimens were submitted, Lt.-Col. 
Appleton supplied on a former occasion—when serving in the 
Somali Campaign of 1902-04—some valuable information on the 
fodder grasses of Somaliland which was incorporated in a paper on 
the Grasses of Somaliland by Dr. O. Stapf (A.B. 1907, pp. 203- 
226). As he has special opportunities for collecting experience 
regarding the economic value of the grasses of the Transvaal in 
their wild condition, and as very little is known on the subject, it 
has been thought desirable to publish his and Mr. Burtt Davy’s 
joint notes in the hope that this may lead to a more comprehensive 
and systematic treatment of a subject the importance of which is 
self-evident in the case of a country so rich in grazing land as the 
Transvaal. 
; agile arundinacea, Cyr., var. Thunbergii, Hack, (Fl. Cap. vii., 
20). 
A hard, wiry grass which is common in swampy places, but is of 
no value for feed. 
Urelytrum squarrosum, Hack. (Fl. Cap. vii., 330). 
A coarse, hard grass, with rather a bitter taste, of little or no 
economic value, 
Elionurus argenteus, Nees (Fl. Cap. vii., 332). 
This grows plentifully round Transvaal farms and forms the bulk 
of bedding grass, It is a very sour grass, disliked by all kinds of 
stock, having a bitter turpentine flavour. 
ae pertusus, Willd., var. capensis, Hack. (FI, Cap. vii., 
A useful hay grass. 
Heteropogon contortus, R. ct S. (Andropogon contortus, L.; Fi. 
Cap. vii., 350). (Spear Grass.) 
_ A coarse grass not to be encouraged, for, though yielding good 
grazing when young, the sharp calli of the ripe fruits are injurious 
to sheep, sometimes causing death. 
Cymbopogon marginatus, Stapf, var. validus, Stapf (Andropogon 
gg L., var. marginatus, Hack. y validus, Stapt ; Fl. Cap. vii., 
This is one of the Tambookie grasses, and is of no use for fodder. 
Cymbopogon polyneuros, Stapf (Andropogon Schoenanthus, L., var. 
versicolor, Hack. ; Fl. Cap. vii, 354), (Turpentine Grass.) 
A useless, hard, bitter grass, 
Andropogon hirtus, Z. (Fl. Cap. vii., 355). 
A hard, wiry grass which is of no use for fodder, 
