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authorities of several countries where afforestation is being 
conducted on systematic principles, have found that certain exotic 
trees give better results under some conditions than native species. 
For evidence of this, attention may be directed to the planting 
of Australian Acacias and Eucalypts and Pinus canariensis_ and 
. halepensis in South Africa ; the substitution of various North 
American, European and Australian, for native trees in New 
Zealand, (see Report on “ State Nurseries and Plantations ” for the 
year ending March 3lst 1910, issued by the Department of 
Lands, New Zealand), and the “Report of the Board of Com- 
missioners of Agriculture and Forestry of the Territory of 
Hawaii” for the biennial period ending December 31st 1910, in 
which the following paragraph occurs on page 39 :—“ The native 
Hawaiian forest is, as has been pointed out earlier in this report, 
of the greatest value as a watershed cover, but from the com- 
mercial standpoint much better results can be got from introduced 
species than from Hawaiian trees.” | 
The fact that certain timber trees which are of commercial 
importance in their native countries give excellent results when 
own as ornamental trees in the British Isles, would appear to be 
a sufficient guarantee that they will thrive under silvicultural 
conditions in the same localities ; but it would not be safe to 
recommend extensive plantations solely on that account. It is 
Experiments, however, have proved that an American spruce, 
Picea sitchensis, is able to hold its own where the native tree has 
