217 
The cultivation of the black walnut in this country would 
probably need to be carried on below an elevation of 500 feet, the 
more sheltered positions being selected and preference given to 
land such as may be expected to grow good oak. Planted 7 feet 
apart with silver fir or hornbeam between should prove to be a 
suitable arrangement. Providing it is found possible to cultivate 
the species successfully under forest conditions, its timber ought to 
be more remunerative than that of oak, if present prices can be 
taken as a guide. Fertile nuts are produced freely by the older 
trees in this country. As an illustration of the rate of growth on 
light soil, a transverse section of a trunk measuring 24 feet in 
diameter, grown at Kew, shows 95 annual rings. 
The White Ash (Frazinus americana, L.)—As seen under 
cultivation in England, even when growing as an isolated tree, the 
white ash rises with a clean, straight trunk to a considerable height, 
the branches being small and the head narrow. Compared with 
common ash, F, excelsior, L., growing under similar conditions at 
Kew, it is of more rapid growth and appears less susceptible to 
attacks by scale insects. Several moderately young, healthy 
examples may be noted in the vicinity of the Azalea Garden, one 
isolated tree being 66 feet high with a girth of 2 feet 94 inches at 
5 feet from the ground. It has gained 3 feet in height and 44 
inches in girth since measured. by Mr. Elwes in 1907. Unfor- 
tunately its age is not known, but judging from its growth during the 
ast 15 years it is probably about 40 years old. Two older 
specimens are to be seen on the south side of the mound near the 
Cumberland Gate. Both are upwards of 80 feet high and girth 8 
feet 54 inches and 8 feet respectively at 5 feet above the ground. 
White ash timber may be used for all the purposes to which the 
wood of the common ash is put, whilst David Denning, in “ The 
Art and Craft of Cabinet-making,” 1891, says that “it is superior 
to English ash for furniture as it is usually of better colour.” It 
is imported largely for numerous purposes. There is no reason to 
believe that it would command a better price than English ash, 
though it may be suitable to plant on account of its rapid and 
vigorous growth. Details of its distribution in America 
together with its botanical characteristics are to be found in 
Sargent’s “Silva of N. America,” vi., pp. 43-45, and additional 
information is given in the “ Trees of Great Britain and Ireland,” 
vol. iv., pp. 901-905. “ Forest Planting Leaflet,” Circular 84, 
trees can endure only a moderate amount of shade, while you 
