263 
The achene of P. megalantha was described by Prof. Miyabe 
(Fl. Kuril., p. 231) as “more or less distinctly keeled.” Close 
examination under a low power lens shows that it is not only 
keeled but really winged as may be seen in figs. 1-5, while that of 
P. fragiformis has only a slightly keeled ridge. Some botanists 
consider the marking of the achene is more important than the 
winged or keeled character. It may perhaps be so in the case of 
certain species, but not always. I have come across several 
instances of variation of the external nature of the achene in many 
species of Potentilla. In one and the same plant we can some- 
times get both a smooth and a rugulose achene. The next marked 
distinction is to be found in the calyx. The calyx of P. fragiformis 
is only about 1:5 em. across at the time of flowering, and afte 
anthesis it increases its size enormously, becoming nearly twice as 
large as it was. This fact is also to be seen in Lehman’s figure 
and also in descriptions by Maximowicz and Th. Wolf. A similar 
phenomenon also occurs in the allied species, e.g., P. Matsumurae. 
The calyx of P. megalantha does, however, develop extremely 
slightly, so that the difference is hardly noticeable. Even in the 
flowering stage the size of the calyx of our plant is as large as that 
of P. fragiformis in fruit. The flower of P. megalantha is much 
larger than that of P. fragiformis, measuring about 4 em. across. 
The petal is usually very shallowly notched. The hairy covering 
on the leaves of our plant is somewhat similar io that of the dwarf 
var. lucida of P. fragiformis, but the shape of the leaflets is rather 
peculiar, In the majority of cases I have noticed that the apex of 
the leaflet, or in other words, the central tooth which is traversed 
by the median vein, is markedly shorter than the adjacent teeth, 
so that the outline of the leaflet is obcordate and emarginate. 
The stipule of P. fragiformis is generally entire, while that of 
P. megalantha has a strong tendency to be lacerated or incised. 
Until 1906 P. Freyniana was not known from China, when 
Matsuda reported it in the Téky6 Botanical Magazine (vol. xx, 
p- 128), using one of its synonyms P. fragarioides var, ternata, 
